Pathophysiology Study Guide with 100% Correct Answers

Pathology vs Physiology - Answer-Pathology- structural and functional changes to cells, tissues, organs that cause disease Physiology- functions of the human body Pathophysiology - Answer-changes that happen to cells, tissues, organs that occur with disease and the effects of those changes on body function Disease - Answer-interruption of a normal structure or function of a part, organ, or system of the body with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms iatrogenic - Answer-of or relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment. idiopathy - Answer-is any disease with unknown pathogenesis or apparently spontaneous origin How impaired calcium homeostasis damages a cell - Answer-Why does it occur ischemia and poisonous substances leads to the release of calcium creating imbalance within the cell What happens The cells membrane becomes flooded with concentrations of calcium How does it damage the cell? The increased calcium levels activate enzymes which damage the cells membrane, its proteins, cytoskeleton and fragment chromatin Free radical injury - Answer-Why does it occur? An atom has a single unpaired electron in its outer orbit What happens? radicals are unstable and react with nearby molecules causing more free radicals How does it damage the cell? production of free radical causes damage to the cell membranes, proteins, inactivation of enzymes and to nucleic acids (DNA) Hypoxia - Answer-Why does it occur? inadequate oxygen in the air, inability of cells to use oxygen, respiratory disease, ischemia What happens? Deprives the cell of oxygen and interrupts oxidative metabolism and generation of ATP