Nursing 2050-Labor & Delivery Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solution

Nursing 2050-Labor & Delivery Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solution Theories of Onset of Labor - ANSWER-There is really no known cause of labor= Maternal Factors= Uterine Cervix Placental Hormonal- Progesterone, Estrogen, Prostaglandins, Oxytocin Mechanism of Labor Five P's - ANSWER-Five P's = Passenger- fetus and placenta Passageway= birth canal Powers= Primary and Secondary Position= 4 quadrants- stations Psychologic = response Passenger - ANSWER-Size of head= fontal, molding Presentation = cephalic, breech, shoulder Fetal lie= length of spine Fetal Attitude= are arms crossed or flexed Fetal Position = three part abbreviation 1st letter- Left or Right of pelvis 2nd letter- presenting part- Occiput, Sacrum, Mentum (chin), Sc - Scapula 3rd letter- presenting part location- A- anterior, P- Posterior, T- transverse Passageway - ANSWER-Composed of mother's rigid bony pelvis, soft tissues of the cervix Four basic types= Gynecoid- round shaped- most common Android- heart shaped- like male pelvis Anthropoid- oval shaped- anthropoid apes Platypelloid - flat shaped- pelvis Powers - ANSWER-Involuntary and Voluntary Primary Power- involuntary contractions frequency, duration, intensity - responsible for EFFACEMENT (shortening and thinning of cervix) Secondary Power- When the Presenting part reaches the Pelvic floor- Involuntary pushing, Explosive Position - ANSWER-Fetal position - 5 to +5 stations 0 being meets at the Ischial Spine Physiological - ANSWER-Culture, Anxiety, Pain tolerance, Previous Birth experiences, Gate Control theory of Pain Process of Labor - ANSWER-Lightening= dropping uterus sinks downward Braxton Hicks= practice contractions Bloody show= due to extreme congestion in vaginal walls Cervix ripens= dilation begins weight loss= water loss due to shifting electrolytes and changes in Estrogen and Progesterone Burst of energy= nesting Gastrointestinal disturbances = not as common Stages of Labor First Stage - Latent- Active- Transition - ANSWER-First stage= Onset of regular Uterine contractions to full effacement and dilation of cervix - longest of the stages and has variability A. Latent 0-3 cm dilated, mild to moderate contractions and the beginning of effacement (thinning) B. Active 4-7 cm dilated, moderate stronger contractions that are 3-4 minutes apart and last 40-50 seconds C. Transition 8-10 dilated (+3) , severe contractions that are 2-3 minutes apart and last 60-80 seconds, shaking, back pain, bladder pressure, tremors Stages of Labor Second Stage- Latent - Active - ANSWER-Second Stage= Baby continues to descend and rotate to anterior position, urge to bear down A. Latent - lasts 10-30 minutes, involuntary contractions, bearing down- sense of peace between contractions B. Active- lasts 1 minute to 3 hours , anxious, bearing down due to pressure Stages of Labor Third Stage - ANSWER-Third Stage= Birth of Fetus until Placenta is delivered- you do not want this stage prolonged can lead to hemorrhage - Placenta is usually manually expelled or extracted if needed Stages of Labor Fourth Stage - ANSWER-Immediate recovery Vital signs are back to baseline Check Vitals frequently...