Cisco CCNA 200-301 practice test with complete verified solutions 2024.

Network Characteristics Topoplogy Speed Cost Security Availability Scalability Reliability OSI (Open System Interconnect) Model A conceptual model to data transmission at each individual layer. How networks talk to each other Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen OSI layers Sender(Encapsulation) - Receiver (De-encapsulation) 7.)Application 6.)Presentation 5.)Session 4.)Transport (TCP/UDP, PORT) 3.)Network (IP address, operates with routers) 2.)Data-Link (Ethernet MAC address, operates with switch) 1.)Physical (operates with Hubs) OSI acronyms Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away Physical Data-link Network Transport Session Presentation Application TCP/IP Suite Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. Originally designed for use on large internetworks but has now become the de facto protocol for networks of all sizes. TCP/IP stack -Application -Transport -Internet -Network Access TCP/IP Stack =APPLICATION Represents Data users, encodes and controls the dialog (OSI comparison =Application, Presentation, Session) TCP/IP Stack =TRANSPORT Supports communication between end devices across a divers network(OSI comparison =Transport) TCP/IP Stack =INTERNET Provides logical addressing and determines the best path through the network(OSI comparison =Network) TCP/IP Stack =NETWORK ACCESS Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network (OSI comparison =Data-link, Physical) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) A generic term referring to the header defined by some layer of a networking model, and the data encapsulated by the header (and possibly trailer) of that layer, but specifically not including any lower-layer headers and trailers. Application Layer -Provides network services to the applications of the user -does not provide services to any other OSI layer -establishes the avialability of intended communication partners -Synchronizes and establishes agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity Presentation Layer The sixth layer of the OSI model. Protocols in the Presentation layer translate between the application and the network. Here, data are formatted in a schema that the network can understand, with the format varying according to the type of network used. The Presentation layer also manages data encryption and decryption, such as the scrambling of system passwords. Session Layer The fifth layer in the OSI model. This layer establishes and maintains communication between two nodes on the network. It can be considered the "traffic cop" for network communications. Transport Layer The fourth layer of the OSI model. In this layer protocols ensure that data are transferred from point A to point B reliably and without errors. this layer services include flow control, acknowledgment, error correction, segmentation, reassembly, and sequencing. Decides whether TCP or UDP is used, and the port number The Network Layer The third layer in the OSI model. Provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks. Manages connectivity of host by providing logical addressing Data Link Layer The second layer in the OSI model. defines how data is formatted for transmission and how access to physical media is controlled. Typically includes error detection and correction to ensure a reliable delivery of the data. Physical Layer The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Enables bit transmission between end devices. Defines specifications needed for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end devices. Flow Control the process of adjusting the flow of data from the sender to ensure that the receiveing host can handle all of it Session Multiplexing Layer 4- a host is able to support multiple sessions simultaneously and manage the individual traffic streams in a single link two most common protocol at layer 4 TCP and UDP which protocol is connection oriented? UDP or TCP? TCP 3 main types of IP traffic -Unicast -Broadcast Traffic (stops at router) -Multicast traffic(targeted traffic) Class A network a TCP/IP network classification that supports up to 16 million hosts on each of 126 networks First Octet: 1-126 Default Subnet Mask: /8 Default Dotted Decimal: 255.0.0.0 Class B network A TCP/IP network that uses addresses starting between 128 and 191 and supports up to 16,384 subnets with 65,534 unique hosts each. First Octet: 128-191 Default Subnet Mask: /16 Default Dotted Decimal: 255.255.0.0 Class C network an IPv4 network classification that supports 254 hosts on each 2 million networks. First Octet: 192-223 Default Subnet Mask: /24 Default Dotted Decimal: 255.255.255.0 Class d Network 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Multicast Addresses Class E Network 240.0.0.0 to 255 Reserved for experimentation CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing Route Summarization The ability to take a group of subnetworks and summarize them, on the router, as one network route VLSM Variable Length Subnet Masking What are the network address, broadcast address, and valid host addresses for the IP adderss 198.22.45.173/26? What is the subnet mask in dotted decimal? Network: 198.22.45.128 Broadcast: 198.22.45.191 Valid host Addresses: 198.22.45.129- 198.22.45.190 Dotted Decimal: 198.22.45.192 Class A Private Range 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Class B Private Range 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 255.240.0.0 Class C Private Range 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0