Cell Cycle and Mitosis Latest Update with Verified Solutions

Cell Cycle and Mitosis Latest Update with Verified Solutions Cell cycle The stages that take place between the time a eukaryotic cell divides and the time the daughter cells divide. (stages of growth, preparation, and division (Interphase and Mitosis) Interphase Activities Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division G1 In interphase - cell grows rapidly, builds new organelles; also performs regular cell functions S phase The "synthesis" phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. (doubles each chromosomes) G2 Final preparation phase. Cell checks for DNA errors and begins to form centrosomes. (Prepares for Mitosis) Mitosis 1 diploid parent cell splits into 2 identical diploid daughter cells. Prophase Nucleolus has disappeared, and duplicated chromosomes are visible. Centrosomes begin moving apart, and spindle is in process of forming. Prophase -the chromosomes coil up and become visible while the nuclear envelope disappears. Prometaphase -Early in metaphase Metaphase Centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at plate. Fully formed spindle attach to the sister chromatids from opposite poles Metaphase Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell Anaphase Third phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell Anaphase -The kinetochores "reel in" or "gobble up" the spindle fibers -This pulls the sister chromatids apart by splitting their centromere. ... The split chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell ... Telophase The fourth and final stage of mitosis, in which nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun. Telophase -Chromosomes become indistinct -Daughter cells are forming ... -Once the chromatids have reached the opposite sides the spindle fibers disappear ... -The chromosomes unravel ... -nuclear envelope reappears on the two new nuclei ... Cytokinesis the cytoplasm forms a cleavage furrow at the equator to split the cytoplasm. (in plants a cell plate forms at the equator.) Chromatids Bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division. Two chromatids bound at a centromere make a CHROMOSOME. Spindle fibers Special strands of microtubules which grow out of the centrioles, connect to chromosomes at the centromeres, and pull them apart during (anaphase) of mitosis. Chromosomes DNA that is coiled together and condensed into small packages (like DNA suitcases) (each has 23 from mom, 23 from dad). Consists of 2 "sister" chromatids bound at a centromere. ... Chromatin unpackaged unwound DNA in the nucleus of a cell Diploid a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes, one from one parent and one set from the other parent. (somatic cells..."soma" means "body") Karyotype -A micrograph (microscope photograph) of the chromosomes of a human -First 22 pairs are called autosomes. ... -Last pair are the sex chromosomes (x and y) ... Centromere holds sister chromatids together. Karyotype Metaphase Prophase Anaphase Telophase Interphase--longest part of cell cycle, when cells grow, develop and duplicate DNA and organelles to prepare for mitosis. Cell cycle consists of these three phases Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. Phase of cell cycle that is much longer than the other three. Interphase--cell growth and development, duplicating DNA and organelles to get ready for division. Part of cell cycle that is the shortest, after mitosis is complete. Cytokinesis cytokinesis Occurs after telophase (after mitosis is complete) to complete the cell cycle. cytokinesis. Interphase Contains...? Three phases and two checkpoints G1, S, G2 G1/S, G2/M ...