2024 Psychology Final Exam Questions And Answers. Complete Verified Solution.

2024 Psychology Final Exam Questions And Answers. Complete Verified Solution. John B. Watson Behaviorism: person responsible for redefining psychology as the science of observable behavior neuroscience perspective a psychologist using this perspective might be interested in how our blood chemistry affects our moods and motives evolutionary psychology perspective the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genetic factors that have evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection social-cultural perspective how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures Sigmund Freud Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis. B.F. Skinner Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats Psychologists conducting research put competing ideas to the test and collect evidence double-blind procedure an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. control group vs. experimental group control group = placebo ; nothing happens to them experiment group = is the one being tested on Scientific Method A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. Psychology the science of behavior and mental processes Nature is to nurture as genetics is to experience psychologists defend their experimental research with animals animals' biology can tell us much about our own; animals are fascinating and should be studied; experiments with animals help animals nature the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions nurture (v.) to bring up, care for, train, nourish; (n.) rearing, training, upbringing Correlation A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. case study a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles Thalamus the brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla Neurotransmitters chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons Cerebellum A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills. Medulla the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing Endorphins "morphine within"--natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure. a neurosurgeon stimulating the right motor cortex a person would most likely move their leg reflex a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus; for example, touching a newborn child's cheek and they root for a nipple sympathetic nervous system the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations autonomic nervous system The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. pituitary gland The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. also known as the master gland parts of the limbic system amygdala and hippocampus Hypothalamus a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion Damage to the brain's right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person's ability to make inferences NREM sleep stage most likely to experience hallucinations in this sleep stage REM sleep stage