Question Marks Answer
Feature of starch as storage 2 Helical, compact
Insoluble, doesn't affect Ψ
Cellulose structure 4 Long + straight chains, β glucose
Linked with H-bonds
Form microfibrils
Provides strength to cell wall
Polymer definition 1 Molecule made of identical monomers
Biuret Test 2 Add NaOH
Add CuSO4
Goes purple
Reducing sugar in chewing 2 Maltose
Salivary amylase hydrolyses starch
Found in prokary not eukary 2 Plasmid
Flagellum
Capsule
Small Ribosomes
Test for lipids 4 Crush
Add ethanol
Water
Milky white emulsion
Adv of % comparison 2 Amount varies between individual
Allows comparison
,Evaluate Qs 4 Control group?
Could be due to other factors
Small sample size
Only 1 investigation, not representative
Primary-Quaternary Structure 4 Primary: DNA base sequence coding for amino acids
Secondary: folding of chain, H-bonds. Coiled α, β pleat
Tertiary: 3D folding, H-bonds/ionic/disulfide if cysteine
Quart: Association of another polypeptide chain
Non-competitive inhibitor 2 Inhibitor attaches to enzyme away from AS
Change shape of AS, prevent E-S complex
Investigate optimum temp of enzyme 3 Way to maintain range of temps - water baths
Measure rate of activity - time taken for indicator change
Other conditions constant, eg volumes, pH, do repeats
Temp on enzyme activity 3 Increases KE
Increases collisions/formation of E-S complexes
Increases rate of breakdown of starch
pH on enzyme activity 3 Increases H+ ions
H-bonds/ionic disrupted/change tertiary structure
Change shape of active site, no E-S complex fit
What is 'death by osmosis'? 2 Water enters via osmosis, which increases pressure
Cell wall not strong enough, cannot withstand pressure
Tertiary Structure 2 Folding of polypeptide chain
Folding of secondary structure
, How does denaturation occur 2 More KE
Bonds holding tertiary structure break
Competitive Inhibition 6 Sequence of amino acids gives shape
Tertiary structure
Similar shape to substrate
Competes for active site
Non-competitive inhibition 3 Fits at site other than active site
Distorts active site
Substrate will not fit
Digestive enzyme in ileum lining 1 Dipeptidases
Percentage Decrease 1 (New-Old) / New x 100
Role of cholesterol 1 Makes membrane less fluid, maintains stability
Channel proteins vs carrier proteins 2 Channel: charged particles through membrane via fac diff
Carrier: protein changes shape, release molecules on opp
Enzyme definition 1 Protein, catalyst, lowers activation energy
Change in pH means 3 Enzymes in blood affected by change in pH
Changes tertiary structure
Less O2 binds with haemoglobin
Monomer definition 1 Basic molecular unit combines to form polymer
2 examples of monomers 2 Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides
Feature of starch as storage 2 Helical, compact
Insoluble, doesn't affect Ψ
Cellulose structure 4 Long + straight chains, β glucose
Linked with H-bonds
Form microfibrils
Provides strength to cell wall
Polymer definition 1 Molecule made of identical monomers
Biuret Test 2 Add NaOH
Add CuSO4
Goes purple
Reducing sugar in chewing 2 Maltose
Salivary amylase hydrolyses starch
Found in prokary not eukary 2 Plasmid
Flagellum
Capsule
Small Ribosomes
Test for lipids 4 Crush
Add ethanol
Water
Milky white emulsion
Adv of % comparison 2 Amount varies between individual
Allows comparison
,Evaluate Qs 4 Control group?
Could be due to other factors
Small sample size
Only 1 investigation, not representative
Primary-Quaternary Structure 4 Primary: DNA base sequence coding for amino acids
Secondary: folding of chain, H-bonds. Coiled α, β pleat
Tertiary: 3D folding, H-bonds/ionic/disulfide if cysteine
Quart: Association of another polypeptide chain
Non-competitive inhibitor 2 Inhibitor attaches to enzyme away from AS
Change shape of AS, prevent E-S complex
Investigate optimum temp of enzyme 3 Way to maintain range of temps - water baths
Measure rate of activity - time taken for indicator change
Other conditions constant, eg volumes, pH, do repeats
Temp on enzyme activity 3 Increases KE
Increases collisions/formation of E-S complexes
Increases rate of breakdown of starch
pH on enzyme activity 3 Increases H+ ions
H-bonds/ionic disrupted/change tertiary structure
Change shape of active site, no E-S complex fit
What is 'death by osmosis'? 2 Water enters via osmosis, which increases pressure
Cell wall not strong enough, cannot withstand pressure
Tertiary Structure 2 Folding of polypeptide chain
Folding of secondary structure
, How does denaturation occur 2 More KE
Bonds holding tertiary structure break
Competitive Inhibition 6 Sequence of amino acids gives shape
Tertiary structure
Similar shape to substrate
Competes for active site
Non-competitive inhibition 3 Fits at site other than active site
Distorts active site
Substrate will not fit
Digestive enzyme in ileum lining 1 Dipeptidases
Percentage Decrease 1 (New-Old) / New x 100
Role of cholesterol 1 Makes membrane less fluid, maintains stability
Channel proteins vs carrier proteins 2 Channel: charged particles through membrane via fac diff
Carrier: protein changes shape, release molecules on opp
Enzyme definition 1 Protein, catalyst, lowers activation energy
Change in pH means 3 Enzymes in blood affected by change in pH
Changes tertiary structure
Less O2 binds with haemoglobin
Monomer definition 1 Basic molecular unit combines to form polymer
2 examples of monomers 2 Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides
