Nr 601 Final

Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - correct answer DKA (30% of people will present) Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - correct answer HHNS DKA - correct answer acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - correct answer Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss Most common in type 1 In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - correct answer Screening at risk individuals Diabetes Mellitus - correct answer insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects Prediabetes Hgb A1C - correct answer 5.7-6.4% Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - correct answer 140-199 Prediabetes fasting - correct answer 00-125 Diabetes Random - correct answer =200 Diabetes Fasting - correct answer =126 Diabetes 2hr gtt - correct answer =200 Type 1 diabetes - correct answer immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER Usually presents in childhood Genetic and environmental trigger Insulin Deficiency Type 2 diabetes - correct answer usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity Cells in the body do not react to the insulin Genetic Predisposition Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency Medications that cause diabetes - correct answer Glucocoriticoids (Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease dysuria - correct answer subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination Dysuria Cause - correct answer inflammation bladder/urethral infection most common cause is lower UTI Medications that can cause dysuria - correct answer SSRI opiates Scopalamine Less common causes of dysuris - correct answer Tumors Renal Failure Nephrolithiasis STIs Heamuturia Diagnostically - correct answer 3 RBCs or more per high powered field Transient Hematuria - correct answer Occurs on one occasion Persistent - correct answer occurs on two or more occosion Substances that can mock hematuria - correct answer Beets Substances that can be related to hematuria - correct answer caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce medications that cause hematuria - correct answer Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - correct answer further work up What indicates hematuria is of renal origin? - correct answer Casts What does proteinuria mean? - correct answer Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in origin Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from? - correct answer Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head injury, or stroke Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves Bence Jones Proteins - correct answer present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease Intermittent Proteinuria is often? - correct answer Asymptomatic and benign Continuous Proteinuria is often? - correct answer Renal Pathology Best test for proteinuria? - correct answer 24 hour urine more than 160mg of urine is abnormal 3.5g of protein - correct answer indicative of nephrotic disease When should a patient be refered to a nephrologist? - correct answer If the protein excretion rate is above 3.0-3.5 grams/ day which indicates nephrotic syndrome Type 1 insulin therapy goals a1c - correct answer 80-130 Typle 1 insulin therapy goals 2hpp - correct answer 180 type 1 insulin therapy goals A1C - correct answer 7% Diabetes type1a - correct answer insulin dependent diabetes type 1b - correct answer variably insulin dependent First line treatment for type 2 diabetes? - correct answer lifestyle managment weight loss of at least 5% Metformin not used with an eGFR below?? - correct answer 45/ 1.73 Typle 2 diabetes a1c strong control - correct answer less than 7% type 2 diabetes decrease complications a1c? - correct answer 6.5% or less Single dose therapy - correct answer intermediate or long acting insulin check blood sugar at least once in the morning and at bedtime conventional split dose therapy - correct answer two injections- NPH and Regular intensive insulin therapy - correct answer three injections regular insulin in the morning and dinner NPH at bedtime Intensive insulin therapy 4 injections - correct answer regular or lispro before meals and long acting to maintain Treatment goals healthy individuals (type 2) - correct answer a1c 7.5 fasting 90-130 Bedtim