GIA Diamond Essentials Final Exam 2018 study guide complete

GIA Diamond Essentials Final Exam 2018 study guide completeGIA Diamond Essentials Final Exam 2018 study guide complete Crown - Top part of the gem above the girdleGIA Diamond Essentials Final Exam 2018 study guide complete Culet - Small facet at the bottom of a finished gem Durability - A gemstone's ability to withstand wear, heat, and chemicals Facet - A flat, polished surface on a finished gem Fancy cut - Any gemstone shape or cutting style other than a standard round brilliant Fire - The flashes of colour you see in a polished diamond Four Cs - Four value factors (clarity, colour, cut, and carat weight) that describe the quality of a finished gem and also relates primarily to its value Girdle - The narrow section of a finished gem that forms the boundary between the crown and the pavilion and functions as the gem's setting edge Hardness - How well a gemstone resists scratches and abrasion Inclusion - Clarity characteristic totally enclosed in a polished gemstone or extending into it from the surface Karat - A unit for the fineness of gold, abbreviated "K" or "Kt" Metric carat - The international unit of measure for gram weight. One carat equals one-fifth of a gram (0.200g) Mixed cut - Cut that combines brilliant-cut and step-cut styles Mohs scale - Ranking of the relative hardness of 10 minerals Pavilion - Lower part of a faceted gem below the girdle Point - One hundredth of a carat (0.01ct) Scintillation - The flashes of light and the contrasting dark areas you see when the diamond, the light, or the observer moves Simulant - A natural or manmGIA Diamond Essentials Final Exam 2018 study guide completeade material that resembles a gem (also called imitation) Single cut - A round stone with 17 or 18 facets Stability - How well a diamond resists chemicals and temperature changes Standard round brilliant - A round brilliant-cut stone with 57 or 58 facets. Often called a full cut Step cut - A cutting style that features long narrow facets in rows parallel to the girdle on both the crown and pavilion Synthetic gem - A manmade gem with essentially the same chemical composition, crystal structure, and properties as a natural gem Thermal shock - Damages caused by sudden, extreme temperature changes Toughness - How well a gemstone resists breaking and chipping Value factors - Features used to judge the quality and value of all gemstones Carbon - The mineral diamonds are primarily composed of Crown, pavilion, and girdle - The three major parts of a diamond A ton of rock - What a mine must process to recover a half carat of diamondGIA Diamond Essentials Final Exam 2018 study guide complete Brilliant cut - Cutting style with triangular or kite-shaped facets that radiate from the center toward the girdle Blemishes - Clarity characteristics confined to the surface of a polished diamond Nearly colourless to a very light yellow, light brown, or light grey - Most diamonds used in jewellery Diamond - Most durable gemstone. Also expensive due to rarity and how costly it is to mine Baguette - A small, four-sided step cut that's rectangular, square, or tapered Branded cut - Cutting style that's developed, named and promoted by a specific manufacturer Brightness - The effect of all the diamond's internal and external reflections of white light Clarity characteristics - The collective term for inclusions and blemishes Apparent clarity - A term used to describe the effects of treatments on the visual appeal of a gemstone Binocular microscope - A tabletop magnifier with two eyepieces Bruting - Forming the basic face-up outline of a round or rounded-shape diamond to prepare it for faceting Feather - A collective term for diamond cleavages and fractures Fracture filling - Treatment that involves injecting a molten glass substance into a diamond's surface-reaching feathers or laser drill-holes, affecting it's apparent clarity Laser drilling - Treatment that involves using a concentrated beam of laser light to reach a diamond's dark inclusions and to disguise or eliminate them Loupe - A small, portable magnifying lens used for examining gemstones Loupe clean - Term that describes a diamond that might have surface blemishes, but shows no inclusions under 10x magnification Manufacturer - An individual or company that cuts and polished diamonds and coloured stones Piqué - A general term for included stones Plot - A colour-keyed diagram of a gemstone's significant clarity characteristics Bruise (Br) - A tiny area of impact accompanied by very small, root-like feathers; typically occurred at a facet junction Cavity (Cav) - An opening on the surface that occurs when part of a feather breaks away, or when a crystal drops out or is forced out, typically during polishing Chip (Ch) - A shallow opening that occurs at a girdle edge, facet junction, or culet; caused by damages to the stone surface Cloud (Cld) - Many tightly grouped pinpoints that might be too small to distinguish individually but together have a ha