PCN-107 GCU Study Guide Latest

PCN-107 GCU Study Guide Latest 3 parts of Freud's topographic model - Conscious: thoughts you are currently aware of Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances, although they may be accessed through specific techniques 3 parts of Freud's structural model - The Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of the personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure principle. The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside world. Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle. The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop. Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old. Absorbs the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt. Defense Mechanisms - unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing its source from themselves and others Types of defense mechanisms - 1. Repression: pushing the undesirable unconscious material out of the conscious thought 2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be socially rewarding 3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects 4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist 5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the unconscious desire 6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content before it reaches the unconscious level 7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in the self 4 stages of psychosexual development - oral, anal, phallic, and latency stages Oral stage - deals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from deprivation of oral gratification in infancy Anal stage - deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental discipline patterns and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality development Phallic stage - deals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings, and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how parents respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on sexual attitudes and feelings that child develops Latency stage - sexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates, sports, and a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and forms relationships with others. Transference - the client's unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings, attitudes, and fantasies, both positive and negative, that are reactions to significant others in the client's past Countertransference - viewed as a phenomenon that occurs when there is inappropriate affect, when therapists respond in irrational ways, or when they lose their objectivity in a relationship because their own conflicts are triggered Free Association - clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how painful, silly, trivial, illogical, or irrelevant it may seem Resistance - anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material, or the client's reluctance to bring to the surface of awareness unconscious material that has been repressed Dream Analysis: Freud - Latent content: hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears Manifest content: the dream as it appears to the dreamer Parapraxes - exploration of jokes, errors of speech, slips of the tongue, or other subtle behaviors that reveal unconscious content; "Freudian slips" Primary differences between psychoanalytic, analytic and individual therapy - all had a different theory of biological influences; Freud: biological and instinctual drives; Jung: no biological influences, no blank slate, and not capable of free choice; Adler: past events influence one's behavior. Freud was the only one who focused on the psychosexual stages.