WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions- 1. Describe how your body responds to an infection.: T cells produce cy-tokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies. 2. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.: Mutations ingenes or chromosomal abnormalities 3. How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?: Alterations ofDNA 4. Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affectwellbeing.: (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias. 5. Explain RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin produce angiotensin I converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II vasoconstriction release aldosterone kidneys conserve sodium and water Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained. 6. DKA: increased anion gap, decreased HCO3 7. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis: retain H and excrete HCO3 8. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?: Potassium 9. West Nile Virus: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck 10. Lyme disease: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. 11. Erythema infectiosum: a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease" 2 / 12 12. Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .: Spina bifida 13. Trousseau's sign: arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia 14. Cause and sign of spina bifida: results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back. 15. hemophilia is more common in: males 16. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes: ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS 17. Connective vs muscle tissue disorders: Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia 3 / 12 18. Describe Lupus: Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash 19. Describe Myasthenia Gravis: It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing. 20. dermatitis: inflammation of the skin 21. eczema: noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching 22. decubitus ulcer: sore caused by lying down for long periods of time 23. Fungal infections: superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to spores may or may not be transmitted 24. benign neoplasm: noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders 25. malignant neoplasm: uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads 26. Osteoporosis: The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured. 27. osteomalacia: disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency 28. myoglobin: red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells 29. Bursa: fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another 30. Rickets: a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones 31. Degenerative disk disease: A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging 32. Paget disease: Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull 33. communiuted fracture: splintered into many pieces 34. Three types of skin cancer: 1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Melanoma