Digestive System 2023 with questions and solutions

mucosa the innermost layer of the alimentary canal, made of epithelial tissue pharynx food enters here AFTER the mouth esophagus muscular tube that leads to the stomach chief cells produce pepsinogen (in the stomach) protein what pepsinogen breaks down parietal cells produces HCl (in the stomach) chyme paste-like substance that leaves the stomach salivary gland produces amylase in the mouth cardio-esphogeal sphincter between the esophagus and stomach stomach organ of physical digestion that chemically breaks down protein too fundus expanded part of the upper stomach pyloris terminal or last part of the stomach/most activity here pyloric sphincter between the stomach and small intestine gastrin a hormone made in the stomach when food enters duodenum first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas jejunum the second (middle) part of the small intestine ileum final part of the small intestine ileocecal a valve that separates the small intestine from the large intestine villi finger-like projections in the small intestine, contains enzymes and increases surface area large intestine is made up of the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal appendix usually twisted and therefore may become infected by bacteria the first part of the colon ascending colon sigmoid the descending colon becomes this s-shaped part of the colon (k on the diagram) pancreas makes all purpose digestive juice and helps neutralize the pH of chyme bile emulsifies fat liver produces bile stores bile