NURS6212
Healthcare
Quality & Safety
Management
COMPLETED EXAM w/
RATIONALES
2024
,1. A nurse manager is conducting a root cause analysis (RCA)
of a medication error that occurred in her unit. She interviews
the staff nurse who administered the wrong drug to the patient
and asks her to explain what happened. The nurse manager is
using which of the following steps of RCA?
a) Identify what happened
b) Identify why it happened
c) Identify how to prevent it from happening again
d) Implement and monitor the solutions
*Answer: a) Identify what happened
Rationale: The first step of RCA is to identify what happened
by collecting data from various sources, such as interviews,
records, observations, etc. The other steps are done after
identifying what happened.*
2. A quality improvement team is implementing a plan-do-
study-act (PDSA) cycle to reduce the incidence of hospital-
acquired infections (HAIs) in their facility. They have
developed a protocol for hand hygiene and are testing it in one
ward for a month. They are currently in which phase of the
PDSA cycle?
a) Plan
b) Do
c) Study
d) Act
*Answer: b) Do
Rationale: The do phase of the PDSA cycle involves testing
the proposed change on a small scale and collecting data on
the outcomes. The plan phase involves identifying the
problem, setting goals, and developing a plan for change. The
study phase involves analyzing the data and comparing it with
the baseline and the goals. The act phase involves
implementing the change on a larger scale, standardizing it,
, and monitoring it.*
3. A patient safety officer is reviewing the adverse event
reports from the previous month and notices that there were
three cases of wrong-site surgery. He decides to use a fishbone
diagram to identify the potential causes of this problem. A
fishbone diagram is an example of which of the following
quality improvement tools?
a) Flowchart
b) Pareto chart
c) Cause-and-effect diagram
d) Run chart
*Answer: c) Cause-and-effect diagram
Rationale: A cause-and-effect diagram, also known as a
fishbone diagram or an Ishikawa diagram, is a tool that helps
to identify and organize the possible causes of a problem into
categories, such as people, equipment, environment, etc. It
helps to visualize the relationships between the causes and the
problem. A flowchart is a tool that shows the sequence of
steps or activities in a process. A Pareto chart is a tool that
shows the frequency or magnitude of different types of
problems or causes in descending order. A run chart is a tool
that shows how a process or outcome changes over time.*
4. A nurse educator is designing a curriculum for a course on
health care quality and safety management for nursing
students. She wants to include some examples of national and
international organizations that are involved in promoting
quality and safety in health care. Which of the following
organizations should she include? (Select all that apply)
a) The Joint Commission (TJC)
b) The World Health Organization (WHO)
c) The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
d) The American Nurses Association (ANA)
Healthcare
Quality & Safety
Management
COMPLETED EXAM w/
RATIONALES
2024
,1. A nurse manager is conducting a root cause analysis (RCA)
of a medication error that occurred in her unit. She interviews
the staff nurse who administered the wrong drug to the patient
and asks her to explain what happened. The nurse manager is
using which of the following steps of RCA?
a) Identify what happened
b) Identify why it happened
c) Identify how to prevent it from happening again
d) Implement and monitor the solutions
*Answer: a) Identify what happened
Rationale: The first step of RCA is to identify what happened
by collecting data from various sources, such as interviews,
records, observations, etc. The other steps are done after
identifying what happened.*
2. A quality improvement team is implementing a plan-do-
study-act (PDSA) cycle to reduce the incidence of hospital-
acquired infections (HAIs) in their facility. They have
developed a protocol for hand hygiene and are testing it in one
ward for a month. They are currently in which phase of the
PDSA cycle?
a) Plan
b) Do
c) Study
d) Act
*Answer: b) Do
Rationale: The do phase of the PDSA cycle involves testing
the proposed change on a small scale and collecting data on
the outcomes. The plan phase involves identifying the
problem, setting goals, and developing a plan for change. The
study phase involves analyzing the data and comparing it with
the baseline and the goals. The act phase involves
implementing the change on a larger scale, standardizing it,
, and monitoring it.*
3. A patient safety officer is reviewing the adverse event
reports from the previous month and notices that there were
three cases of wrong-site surgery. He decides to use a fishbone
diagram to identify the potential causes of this problem. A
fishbone diagram is an example of which of the following
quality improvement tools?
a) Flowchart
b) Pareto chart
c) Cause-and-effect diagram
d) Run chart
*Answer: c) Cause-and-effect diagram
Rationale: A cause-and-effect diagram, also known as a
fishbone diagram or an Ishikawa diagram, is a tool that helps
to identify and organize the possible causes of a problem into
categories, such as people, equipment, environment, etc. It
helps to visualize the relationships between the causes and the
problem. A flowchart is a tool that shows the sequence of
steps or activities in a process. A Pareto chart is a tool that
shows the frequency or magnitude of different types of
problems or causes in descending order. A run chart is a tool
that shows how a process or outcome changes over time.*
4. A nurse educator is designing a curriculum for a course on
health care quality and safety management for nursing
students. She wants to include some examples of national and
international organizations that are involved in promoting
quality and safety in health care. Which of the following
organizations should she include? (Select all that apply)
a) The Joint Commission (TJC)
b) The World Health Organization (WHO)
c) The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
d) The American Nurses Association (ANA)
