IVY TECH APHY 101 Exam 1 (1-4) Questions and Answers 100% Pass

IVY TECH APHY 101 Exam 1 (1-4) Questions and Answers 100% Pass Three metabolic pathways are involved in the breakdown of glucose to CO2, H2O, and ATP. Of the three, which one occurs in the cytoplasm? true Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA? thymine Which phase of mitotic cell division is represented by this picture? prophase A DNA strand with a base sequence of ACTTCGCATG, when replicated, would yield a newly formed strand of the same base sequence. false Which of the following would NOT be an example of an enzyme? A molecule that helps to form the cytoskeleton of a cell lipids all of the answer choices are correct A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is neutral Glycogen is stored in the liver and __________. skeletal muscle The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to the Greek word for "cutting up." DNA stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates. A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes. true The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is 16 Baking Soda (8.3), Battery Acid (1.0), Beer (4.2), Bleach (12.8), Butter (6.1-6.4), Coffee (5.0), Egg Whites (7.6-8.0), Grapes (3.5-4.5), Milk of Magnesia (10.6), Tomato (4.0-4.5), Vinegar (2.2), White Bread (5.0-6.0) Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee The framework of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer. true Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a network of interconnected membranes. Which organelle contains the nucleolus? The nucleus The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a nucleic acid A patient's blood test shows that their blood pH is 7.29. They are most likely experiencing acidosis An electrolyte ionizes in water. true The molecule shown is a(n) __________ molecule. It is a type of __________. triglyceride; lipid Which of the following would be considered an element? oxygen When placed into water, the ionic compound NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl- ions. The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane. false Loss of cell cycle control can cause cancer. true The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are substrate and enzyme combine, forming an E-S complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released and recycled. What is a cofactor? Nonprotein molecule that must combine with some enzymes in order for them to become active The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the __________region. epigastric The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20X its size. Why is there such variation in size and shape? Different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions. Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide. false In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is the cell Cells with specialized characteristics are termed __________. differentiated A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. true An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is negative feedback. What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share? Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without using cellular energy. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is superficial Metabolism is defined as __________. all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life Positive feedback mechanisms move conditions away from the normal state. DNA replication occurs during interphase of the cell cycle Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of cations Which of the following describes a lysosome? A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris Cytokinesis is the process by which the __________ of a cell divides. cytoplasm Which of the following best describes the reaction H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 ? decomposition reaction Homeostasis is the tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment Which of the following best describes the reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl? exchange reaction What is the definition of apoptosis? programmed cell death What is the major function of carbohydrates in the cells of the body? to provide a source of energy Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute. ATP is important to cellular processes because it provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, water will leave the cell by osmosis Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of __________. atoms Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form tissues, which build organs The difference between active and passive transport is that active mechanisms use __________. ATP Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________. remain within certain limited ranges If you were to isolate a molecule containing uracil, all of the following are most likely true EXCEPT it contains deoxyribose sugar. A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) integral protein The elbow is distal to the wrist. false isotonic Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates responsiveness What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms in a molecule? covalent bond What is the process of synthesizing mRNA called? transcription The three major parts of a cell are nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane true What occurs during the stage of protein synthesis called translation? A polypeptide is built, based on mRNA base sequence. A peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids Which action is the main function of the digestive system? absorption of nutrients Exposure to UV radiation can cause changes in DNA and can therefore be considered a mutagen. true During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope. false When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? the palms are facing backward In the citric acid cycle, carbon dioxide is released The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. true The thoracic cavity lies __________the abdominopelvic cavity. superior to The head is superior to the neck. true In cellular respiration, energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules. What is the relationship of osmotic pressure to the number of solute particles in a solution? The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.