Ivy Tech Aphy 101 Midterm Exam Questions With Verified Solutions

IVY TECH APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is simple squamous epithelium Body heat is lost primarily by radiation Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called central canals A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half. What type of section is this? sagittal Which type of tissue lines the follicles of the thyroid glands? simple cuboidal epithelium The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the cytoplasm Which action is the main function of the digestive system? absorption of nutrients A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable? It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors. What type of tissue is adipose tissue? connective tissue The human integumentary system includes skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands DNA and RNA differ in that DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein. Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires negative feedback mechanism Transcription and translation differ in that transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein. Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a network of interconnected membranes The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the dermis Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of __________. atoms For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described? Endoplasmic reticulum—a network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals that packages protein molecules for secretion Which of the following are cellular fragments? blood platelets Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________. remain within certain limited ranges An isotonic solution has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct? Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? organization of cells The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is iodine-131 The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is transitional ATP is important to cellular processes because it provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken. In phagocytosis a cell membrane engulfs solid particles. Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a superficial partial-thickness burn In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the surface area of the burn. Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n) tissue A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of electrons equals the number of protons. Involuntary muscle tissues are smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because each expresses a different subset of genes. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, water will leave the cell by osmosis Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing skin cancer Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA? thymine The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is excretion The breakdown of table sugar into glucose and fructose is an example of a(n) __________ reaction. hydrolysis Functions of neuroglia include which of the following? They support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels. growth of body parts Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in the body? water Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C. Cells are placed in a solution that causes them to absorb liquid until they burst. When more water is removed from the solution, newly added cells do not burst. The original solutions was __________ , while the second was __________ to the cells. hypotonic; isotonic Which organelle contains the nucleolus? nucleus Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of melanin Epidermis is __________, whereas dermis is __________. composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes Dehydration synthesis reactions __________ , whereas hydrolysis reactions __________ . lose H2O as bonds are formed; use H2O to break bonds The dermis is composed largely of dense irregular connective tissue Skin cells play an important role in producing Vitamin D Vesicles are formed from the cell membrane The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the __________region. epigastric In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is the cell Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. The tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is mucus-secreting, ciliated, and pseudostratified. Which of the following is an example of catabolism? The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria The activities of an anatomist consist of __________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of __________. observing body parts; studying functions of body parts Which of the following diseases would originate in the abdominopelvic cavity? pancreatitis Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form tissues, which build organs As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, they die Which of the following is not true of organelles? They are only in cells of humans. Which of the following describes the epidermis? all of the answer choices are correct A peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is AGTCCGATAAGGGC. Histology is the study of tissues The anatomical term that indicates a structure is towards the front is anterior A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration (number) of impermeant solute than do the cells in the solution. A mutation can cause disease if the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning. Eccrine sweat glands respond primarily to elevated body temperature Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin? The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis. Which of the following is not an example of a negative homeostatic mechanism in the human body? Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid Programmed cell death occurs during development, including the removal of webbing between fingers of the fetus. This process is known as apoptosis A person has alkalemia if the blood pH rises above 7.5. Blood cells are produced in the organs of the __________system. skeletal The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the stratum basale