C784-Applied Healthcare Statistics Exam Study Guide 2024

Rational number (aka 'fractional') Numbers that can be expressed as a fraction Integers Solid positive and negative numbers Real Numbers A real number is any number that can be placed on the number line, whether that be negative or positive, fraction or decimal. True or False? Any integer is also a whole number. This statement is false. An integer can be negative, such as the number −100-100. −100-100 is not a whole number. Read all the options before answering. −17-17 is... (a. an integer b. a rational number c. a real number d. all of the above.) d. all of the above. −17-17 is an integer, and all integers are also rational numbers, which in turn are real numbers. set In mathematics, a collection of numbers is referred to as a set* Interval An interval is a set of numbers between two specified values. An interval can be visualized as a segment of the number line. The segment of the number line above that falls between 11 and 22 is called an interval*. Discrete data Can only have certain, distinct values Is "counted" Contains unconnected points In mathematics, whole numbers, integers, and even integers are all examples of discrete sets. These sets contain unconnected elements, with gaps between each value. In statistics, some data sets will be discrete. Examples of discrete data sets are the number of adults in a household, the results of rolling two dice, and number of machines in operation, as these are distinct groups. (Looking at another set of data, consider the number of cars someone owns. It is not possible to own 3.43.4 cars; you either own three cars or four. The number of cars someone owns is an example of a discrete set of data, since the values are distinct, separate, and unconnected. Positive integers* are an example of discrete data.) Continuous data Can have any value within an interval Is "measured" Does not have clear boundaries between elements or data points In mathematics, the set of real numbers is an example of a continuous set. This sets contains continuous elements, with no discernible gaps between each element. Remember that the number line is a visual representation of the set of real numbers. Just as the number line is continuous with no gaps, so is the set of real numbers. In statistics, some data sets will be continuous. Examples of continuous data sets are temperature, distance, and time, as the set of possible values within these groups is continuous. An element in these groups can hold any real number within a certain interval, dependent upon the scale used. (A set of data is continuous if it can hold any value within the set. An example of continuous data might be age. It is possible to be 22.6722.67 years old. Real numbers are considered continuous.) 00, 11, 22 is a set of continuous data. True or False? False. This statement is false. 00, 11, and 22 are distinct consecutive integers. There are numbers, such as 1.51.5, between them, so they are not continuous. emperature is an example of continuous data. True or False? This statement is true. Temperature covers an entire interval of data and can be "measured" rather than counted, so it is continuous. Timesheets log the days that a nurse works each week. Does the week's timesheet give data that is discrete or continuous? Discrete. The days of the week are discrete and do not allow for values between them. A graph shows the efficacy of a particular drug at different dosages. Is this data discrete or continuous? Discrete. The graph shows discrete drug dosages, not all possible dosages, between two numbers. During a physical, the nurse records the patient's age, weight, and height. Are these data discrete or continuous? Continuous. These are all continuous measurements for which it is possible to have fractional parts.