OMSA Study Guide With Complete Solutions Latest Updated 2024 (GRADED)

OMSA Study Guide With Complete Solutions Latest Updated 2024 (GRADED) Name the 4 valves in the heart - Answer Tricuspid valve Aortic Valve Mitral Valve pulmonic Valve Where is the Tricuspid valve located? - Answer Between the right atrium and right ventricle Where is the Mitral valve located? - Answer Between the left atrium and the left ventricle Where is the Aortic valve located? - Answer Between the aorta and the heart's left ventricle Where is the pulmonic valve located? - Answer Between the" right ventricle and the pulmonary artery What is the function of valves in the heart? - Answer To prevent the backflow of blood When you listen to a normal heart beat through a stethoscope what sound does it make, and what causes this sound? - Answer Lub-dub; caused by the aortic and pulmonic valves closing What is angina pectoris? - Answer Another name for chest pain of cardiac origin What is angina pectoris caused by? - Answer Ischemia or lack of oxygen to the heart muscle How does nitroglycerin affect the body? - Answer It dilates the coronary arteries and increases the blood flow to the heart When does angina pectoris turn into a myocardial infarction? - Answer When the heart is deprived of oxygen too long and a portion of the heart dies Death of the heart muscle - Answer necrosis Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (12) - Answer Family history of heart disease Smokers Hypercholesterolemia Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Hypertension Advancing age History of MI Congestive heart failure Heart valve dysfunction dysrhythmias Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction (MI) (5) - Answer -Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerin -Pain radiate down the left arm or up the left jaw -Blood pressure drop -weak with thready pulse -nausea or vomiting What should you do if you suspect a patient is having a MI? - Answer Morphine Oxygen Nitrates Aspirin Place patient on monitors and start IV asap What is congestive heart failure? - Answer The heart cannot pump blood in a forward motion What happens when there is CHF on the right side? - Answer Excess blood an fluid backing up systemically; meaning in the rest of the body What are the symptoms of right sided CHF? - Answer Swelling in the ankles and ascetics (belly) Distended neck veins What happens when there is CHF on the left side? - Answer Fluid backing up into the lungs causing pt to cough pink frothy sputum. What are the symptoms of left sided CHF? - Answer Shortness of breath and wakes up in the middle of the night gasping for air What is the normal treatment for CHF? - Answer Diuretics; so the patient pees out the excess fluid How is the cardiovascular system monitored? - Answer By using tone pulse, blood pressure and the EKG What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for? - Answer for controlling the bodily functions not consciously directed Causing increased heart rate and blood pressure and bronchodilates the airways; "Fight or flight" - Answer Sympathetic nervous system Results in stimulation of salivary glands, and slows the heart rate; "couch potatoes state" - Answer Parasympathetic nervous system Another name for stroke - Answer Cerebral vascular accident A type of Cerebral vascular accident where a blood clot occurs in the brain causing the blood vessel to become occluded depriving the brain tissue of oxygen - Answer embolic stroke A type Cerebral vascular accident where a bold vessel ruptures and bleeds depriving the brain tissue of oxygen - Answer Hemorrhagic stroke Symptoms of a cerebral vascular accident include: - Answer Weakness of extremities usually one side only Facial palsy or slurred speech headache How is the cardiovascular system monitored? - Answer By the patients pulse rate, the patients blood pressure and the EKG What 3 areas are the most common to take a pulse? - Answer Radial, Branchial and carotid What is the ideal size for a blood pressure cuff to ensure an accurate BP reading? - Answer Greater that 1/3 the circumference of the arm What does systolic pressure represent? - Answer The force of the ventricular contraction The sound of the blood rushing through the veins after the BP cuff releases? - Answer Korotkoff sounds What is the autonomic nervous system? - Answer Responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously What are the components of the autonomic nervous system? - Answer Sympathetic and parasympathetic What reaction does the sympathetic nervous system induce? - Answer "Fight o flight"; increased heart rat and BP, bronchodilates airways What reaction does the parasympathetic nervous system induce? - Answer "Couch potato, vegetation state"; stimulation of the salavery glands, and slows heart rate Another name for stroke - Answer Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) What are the two types of strokes? - Answer Embolic and hemorrhagic What is an embolic stroke? - Answer Where a blood clot causes a blood vessel to become occluded depriving the brain of oxygen What is a hemorrhagic stroke? - Answer Where a blood vessel rapture and bleeds depriving the brain of oxygen What are symptoms of a stroke - Answer -weak extremities (usually one side) -facial palsy -slurred speech What treatment is recommended for an embolic stroke? - Answer Thrombolytic agents (clot busters) What is long term prevention for stoke? - Answer Anticoagulants (like Coumadin) Risk factors for a stroke: - Answer Diabetes Hyperstension Smoking High cholesterol Arterial fibrillation What is diabetes? - Answer Disease of insufficient insulin secretion What is the function of insulin? - Answer To break down the sugar and put it into storage form The hormone that brings insulin out of storage - Answer Glucagon How are patients effected by GA procedures? - Answer -pts cannot eat or drink for several ours -normally will not eat a solid meal after surgery How will you treat a patient that is diabetic for a GA case? - Answer Insulin doses will be decreased the morning of surgery due to lack of food intake What symptoms present with hypoglycemia? - Answer -sweating -nervousness -irritability -tremor -confusion -hunger What is a normal blood sugar level? - Answer Between 70-100 What are the symptoms of insulin shock? - Answer -Anxious -mentally cloudy -tachycardia -coolness of skin -diaphoretic -may loose consciousness with seizure What is treatment for insulin shock? - Answer Administration of intravenous glucose solution OMSA Study Guide With Complete Solutions!! What are corticosteroids used for? - Answer Suppressing inflammation Give an example of anabolic steroids - Answer Testosterone Steroids naturally produced by the body - Answer Cortisol Where is cortisol produced? - Answer Adrenal gland Describe the adrenal gland and location in the body - Answer A pyramid shaped gland that sits on top of the kidney What classifies a disease as, "auto-immune?" - Answer The bodies immune system attacks healthy cells