Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA
2024/Latest Update/Verified
Questions and Answers
pituitary gland - -The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under
the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and
ADH important in this unit.
-ACTH - -Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of adrenal
gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol.
-ADH - -antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney and
smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstriction and
reabsorption of H2O
-TSH - -thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland.
Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine.
-Diabetes Insipidus - -Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes
little to no reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased thirst,
high B osmolarity which results in general signs of dehydration.
-diabetes insipidus etiology - -Two possible
1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH
2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions (maybe tumor or
edema)
-SIADH - -syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone. That
causes excess retention of water resulting in BP increase (increased
stroke volume), generalized edema.
-SIADH etiology - -1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics
2. Trauma; brain tumor etc...
3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone
-T3 and T4 function - -metabolism
-Calcitonin function - -Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering uptake
in bones.
-Hyperthyroidism - -excessive activity of the thyroid gland that can be
due to cancer autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary.
-Hyperthyroidism autoimmune - -Grave's dz
-Hyperthyroidism labs - -T3, T4 and and TSH
, -S/S of hyperthyroidism - -Same as hypermetabolism... agitated,
exopthalmus, nervous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive
etc.goiter
-thyrotoxic crisis - -aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition characterized by
hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism.
-Tx Hyperthyroid: - -Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or
thioamide (inhibits incorp of I into hormones)
-Hypothyroidism etiology - -low levels of thyroid hormone due to
hypoactive thyroid gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction
of arts of the gland autoimmune, endemic iodine deficiency.
-Hypothyroidism autoimmune - -Hashimotos
-Hypothyroidism S/S - -Same as hypometabolism ie,
tired,
sluggish
Cold intolerant
obese
decreased hr, p, rr
-Hypothroidism labs - -low T3/T4
High TSH
-Myxedema coma - -extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation),
rare with a high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to
decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain and organ depletion
leading to multi-organ failure
-Tx hypothyroidism - -administration of thyroid hormones-
levothyroxine or synthroid. DOSED IM MICROGRAMS Screening at birth
is mandatory. Early detection is critical to prevent mental retardation.
-What hormones regulate calcium? - -parathyroid hormone and
calcitonin
-Osteoclasts are - -cells that break down bone matrix
-Osteoblasts are - -bone forming cells
-Osteoporosis - -A condition in which the body's bones become weak
and break easily. Osteoblast activity cannot kep up with osteoclast.
-Calcium affects nervous tissue - -Hypercalcemia causes depression of
nervous system
Hypocalcemia cause excitation of nervous system
2024/Latest Update/Verified
Questions and Answers
pituitary gland - -The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under
the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and
ADH important in this unit.
-ACTH - -Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of adrenal
gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol.
-ADH - -antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney and
smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstriction and
reabsorption of H2O
-TSH - -thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland.
Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine.
-Diabetes Insipidus - -Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes
little to no reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased thirst,
high B osmolarity which results in general signs of dehydration.
-diabetes insipidus etiology - -Two possible
1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH
2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions (maybe tumor or
edema)
-SIADH - -syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone. That
causes excess retention of water resulting in BP increase (increased
stroke volume), generalized edema.
-SIADH etiology - -1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics
2. Trauma; brain tumor etc...
3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone
-T3 and T4 function - -metabolism
-Calcitonin function - -Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering uptake
in bones.
-Hyperthyroidism - -excessive activity of the thyroid gland that can be
due to cancer autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary.
-Hyperthyroidism autoimmune - -Grave's dz
-Hyperthyroidism labs - -T3, T4 and and TSH
, -S/S of hyperthyroidism - -Same as hypermetabolism... agitated,
exopthalmus, nervous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive
etc.goiter
-thyrotoxic crisis - -aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition characterized by
hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism.
-Tx Hyperthyroid: - -Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or
thioamide (inhibits incorp of I into hormones)
-Hypothyroidism etiology - -low levels of thyroid hormone due to
hypoactive thyroid gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction
of arts of the gland autoimmune, endemic iodine deficiency.
-Hypothyroidism autoimmune - -Hashimotos
-Hypothyroidism S/S - -Same as hypometabolism ie,
tired,
sluggish
Cold intolerant
obese
decreased hr, p, rr
-Hypothroidism labs - -low T3/T4
High TSH
-Myxedema coma - -extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation),
rare with a high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to
decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain and organ depletion
leading to multi-organ failure
-Tx hypothyroidism - -administration of thyroid hormones-
levothyroxine or synthroid. DOSED IM MICROGRAMS Screening at birth
is mandatory. Early detection is critical to prevent mental retardation.
-What hormones regulate calcium? - -parathyroid hormone and
calcitonin
-Osteoclasts are - -cells that break down bone matrix
-Osteoblasts are - -bone forming cells
-Osteoporosis - -A condition in which the body's bones become weak
and break easily. Osteoblast activity cannot kep up with osteoclast.
-Calcium affects nervous tissue - -Hypercalcemia causes depression of
nervous system
Hypocalcemia cause excitation of nervous system
