Psych Paper 1 Sec. B Questions and Answers Scored A+

Psych Paper 1 Sec. B Questions and Answers Scored A+ step 1 define schema what is schema? Schemas are cognitive structures that organise knowledge stored in our memory. They are mental representations of categories (from our knowledge, beliefs and expectations) about particular aspects of the world such as people, objects, events, and situations. Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:06 / 0:15 Full screen step 2 expand on schema what to say when expanding on schema Knowledge that is stored in our memory is organized as a set of schemas (or knowledge structures), which represent the general knowledge about the world, people, events, objects, actions and situations that has been acquired from past experiences. types of schema Scripts provide information about the sequence of events that occur in particular contexts (e.g. going to a restaurant, visiting the dentist, attending class).s Self-schemas organise information we have about ourselves (information stored in our memory about our strengths and weaknesses and how we feel about them). Social schemas (e.g. stereotypes) - represent information about groups of people (e.g. Americans, Egyptians, women, accountants, etc.). step 3 define schema theory what is schema theory? Cognitive theory of processing and organizing information. Schema theory states that "as active processors of information, humans integrate new information with existing, stored information." step 4 expand on schema theory effects schema theory effects Existing knowledge stored in our memory (what we already know) and organized in the form of schemas will affect information processing and behaviour in specific settings. It is not possible to see how knowledge is processed and stored in the brain, but the concept of schema theory helps psychologists understand and discuss what cannot be seen. Schema theory can describe how specific knowledge is organised and stored in memory so that it can be retrieved. step 5 state what you're doing in the essay what are you doing in the essay? Schema theory will be evaluated, making an appraisal by weighing up strengths and limitations with some reference to studies on the effect of schema on memory. Schema theory provides the theoretical basis for the studies reported below. step 6 supporting studies for schema theory what is the main study for schema theory? Brewer and Treyens (1981) step 7 introduce study step 8 introduce aim of study aim of Brewer and Treyen To Investigate whether people's memory for objects in a room (an office) is influenced by existing schemas about what to expect in an office. step 9 introduce method of study method of study for brewer and treyen Participants were taken into a university student office and left for 35 seconds before being taken to another room. They were asked to write down as much as they could remember from the office. IV: items in the office DV: how many objects the participants could remember step 10 introduce results Results of Brewer and Treyens Participants recalled things of a "typical office" according to their schema. They did not recall the wine and picnic basket that were in the office. step 11 introduce conclusion of study conclusion of brewer and treyens Participants' schema of an office influenced their memory of it. They did not recall the wine and picnic basket because it is not part of their "typical office" schema. step 12 connect study to question how to connect brewer and treyens to question This study provides evidence to support how our schemas can affect our cognition/cognitive processes, in particular memory. Our schemas influence what we recall in our memory. step 13 conclude essay how to conclude essay Thus schemas affect our cognitive processes and are used to organize our knowledge, assist recall, guide our behaviour, predict likely happenings and help make sense of current experiences helps us understand how we organize our knowledge. In conclusion, strengths of schema theory: Provides an explanation for how knowledge is stored in the mind something that is unobservable and remains unknown in psychology But its limitations are that, It is unclear exactly how schemas are acquired and how people choose between schemas It does not account for new information without a link to existing schemas Overall, with the amount of evidence, schema theory should be considered an important theory that provides insight into information processing and behaviour.