People & Orgs CALT Exam Prep Test Questions with Complete Solutions

Rudolph Flesch - started debate & brought to publics attention how best to teach reading; plain English proponent; praised phonics; book "Why Johnny Can't Read" (1955) NICHD - Looking at the issue deemed the inability to read as "national health issue" and began to fund research in the area of reading; 1997 asked to create Reading Panel "Learning to Read: The Great Debate" Jeanne Chall - This book caught the attention of professionals and the government that our nation is in a reading crisis. Children are not learning to read since the look and say method came about. (1967) Basal Reading Programs - These programs begin to drive reading instruction. 70% of American Schools bought one or more of the best selling programs. (1960s to mid 80s); focus on basic linguistic concepts, reading skills, vocab; 1st were McGuffey Readers (1830s) Kenneth Goodman and Frank Smith - Developed the Top-Down approach to reading instruction. Believed that reading should be taught through immersion in children's literature . Teaches reading without breaking it down into parts. Whole Language based, emphasis is on guessing at words rather than sounding them out (1967 journal article, G said reading is a "psycholinguistic guessing game." G. Reid Lyon - NICHD former coordinator of reading research; former Chief of Child Development and Behavior Branch (1991) National Reading Panel Report - Produced scientifically based research that demonstrated that approximately 40% of the population "have reading problems severe enough to hinder their enjoyment of reading." (2000) IMSLEC - International Multisensory Structured Education Council NICHD - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Which prominent names are closely associated with research on phonological awareness (Montessori/Clay/Liberman*** - Isabelle Liberman Research by NICHD indicates that of the students with specific learning disabilities receiving special education services - 70 - 80% have deficit in reading According to the National Reading Panel Report (2000), what represents the strongest indication of a reading disability - a deficit in phonology D. Berlin (1887) - Coined the term "dys" -- meaning difficult, "lexia" -- meaning pertaining to words.