FNDH 400 Final (Old Tests)

True or False. Cis fatty acids have a higher melting point than trans fatty acids. - correct answer False. Cis fatty acids have a LOWER melting point than trans fatty acids. T or F. In PKU, phenylalanine is a conditionally essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized from tryptophan. - correct answer False. In PKU, TYROSINE is a conditionally essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. T or F. In triglyceride digestion in the small intestine, phospholipase A2 produces glycerol and sterol end products. - correct answer False. In triglyceride digestion in the small intestine, PANCREATIC LIPASE produces 2-MONOGLYCERIDE and 2 FREE FATTY ACID products. T or F. Marasmus is a condition that results from a lack of protein and calorie consumption. - correct answer True T or F. Consuming high fructose corn syrup and sucrose will result in approximately the same end products after digestion. - correct answer True True or False. In protein digestion in the small intestine, salivary and protein amylase produce sugar end products. - correct answer False. In protein digestion in the small intestine, PROTEASES and PEPTIDASES produce DI/TRIPEPTIDE AND AMINO ACID end products. True or False. Omega-3 fatty acids are more inflammatory than omega-6 fatty acids because of the eicosanoids produced by them. - correct answer False. Omega-6 fatty acids are more inflammatory than omega-3 fatty acids because of the eicosanoids produced by them. True or False. A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is found in inadequate amounts in a lacking protein. - correct answer False. A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is found in inadequate amounts in a INCOMPLETE protein. True or False. Oligosaccharides contain beta 1-6 bonds which allows them to survive digestion and then be excreted in feces. - correct answer False. Oligosaccharides contain ALPHA 1-6 bonds which allows them to survive digestion and then be FERMENTED IN THE COLON. True or False. In carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine, salivary amylase and gastric amylase produce amino acid end products. - correct answer False. In carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine, PANCREATIC amylase and DISACCHARIDASES produce MONOSACCHARIDE end products. True or False. Bile is produced by the pancreas, and stored in the liver, acts as an emulsifier during digestion. - correct answer False. Bile is produced by the LIVER, and stored in the GALLBLADDER, acts as an emulsifier during digestion. True or False. Saccharine's structure is similar to sucrose, but it has chlorine replacing hydroxyl molecules. - correct answer False. SUCRALOSE structure is similar to sucrose, but it has chlorine replacing hydroxyl molecules. True or False. Eating more "good cholesterol" and less "bad cholesterol" will reduce CVD risk. - correct answer False. Eating more "good cholesterol" and less "bad cholesterol" will NOT reduce CVD risk. True or False. The brain uses ketone bodies instead of fatty acids, because it cannot efficiently perform de novo lipogenesis. - correct answer False. The brain uses ketone bodies instead of fatty acids, because it cannot efficiently perform BETA-OXIDATION. True or False. Lack of fiber in your diet can lead to two different common digestive problems; gall stones and peptic ulcers. - correct answer False. Lack of fiber in your diet can lead to two different common digestive problems; DIVERTICULOSIS and HEMORRHOIDS. True or False. Lipogenesis is a catabolic pathway, while lipolysis is an anabolic pathway. - correct answer False. Lipogenesis is a ANABOLIC pathway, while lipolysis is an CATABOLIC pathway. True or False. LDL is less dense and more cholesterol rich than VLDL because it is formed from VLDL by accumulating more cholesterol. - correct answer False. LDL is less dense and more cholesterol rich than VLDL because it is formed from VLDL by CLEAVING TRIGLYCERIDES. TRUE OR FALSE. Carnitine and CPT enzymes are needed for esterifying fatty acids into triglycerides. - correct answer TRUE OR FALSE. Carnitine and CPT enzymes are needed for TRANSPORTING LONG CHAIN fatty acids into MITOCHONDRIA. True or False. Fatty streaks in arteries are formed by white blood cells accumulating VLDL and oxidized VLDL to the point to where they die and aggregate. - correct answer False. Fatty streaks in arteries are formed by white blood cells accumulating LDL and oxidized LDL to the point to where they die and aggregate. True or False. Chronic consumption of NSAIDs can lead to inflammatory bowel disease by reducing the production of a protective eicosanoid. - correct answer False. Chronic consumption of NSAIDs can lead to PEPTIC ULCERS by reducing the production of a protective eicosanoid. True or False. Statins reduce LDL levels by increasing glycogen synthase which increases cholesterol synthesis. - correct answer Statins reduce LDL levels by INHBITING HMG COA REDUCTASE which DECREASES cholesterol synthesis. True or False. After uptake, long-chain fatty acids are re-esterified into triglycerides and incorporated into VLDL that are released into the capillaries. - correct answer False. After uptake, long-chain fatty acids are re-esterified into triglycerides and incorporated into CHYLOMICRONS that are released into the LACTEAL. True or False. Alanine can be metabolized to pyruvate, thus it is a glucogenic amino acid. - correct answer True. True or False. In type I diabetes, insulin levels are adequate, but binding of insulin to the insulin receptor does not cause the active GLUT 6 transporter to move to the cell surface. - correct answer False. In type 2 diabetes, insulin levels are adequate, but binding of insulin to the insulin receptor does not cause the GLUT 4 transporter to move to the cell surface. True or False. Antioxidant minerals serve as antioxidants by taking an electron from a free radical or reactive oxygen species. - correct answer False. Antioxidant VITAMINS serve as antioxidants by DONATING an electron TO a free radical or reactive oxygen species. True or False. Equal supplementation of dl-alpha-tocopherol versus d-alpha-tocopherol will lead to two times higher circulating alpha-tocopherol levels. - correct answer False. Equal supplementation of D-alpha-tocopherol versus DL-alpha-tocopherol will lead to two times higher circulating alpha-tocopherol levels. True or False. Riboflavin equivalents are need to account for its synthesis from the amino acid tyrosine. - correct answer False. NIACIN equivalents are need to account for its synthesis from the amino acid TRYPTOPHAN. True or False. A deficiency in pantothenic acid can result in a microcytic, hypochromic anemia. - correct answer False. A deficiency in VITAMIN B6 can result in a microcytic, hypochromic anemia. True or False. In selenium deficient individuals, increased antioxidant selenoenzymes results in decreased mutations, which causes the coxsackievirus to become more virulent. - correct answer False. In selenium deficient individuals, increased antioxidant selenoenzymes results in INCREASED mutations, which causes the coxsackievirus to become more virulent. True or False. To accumulate high levels of vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol oxidized to alpha-tocopherol radical, taken up through a GLUT transport and reduced back to alpha-tocopherol to maintain the concentration gradient. - correct answer False. To accumulate high levels of vitamin C, ASCORBATE oxidized to DEHYDROASCORBATE, taken up through a GLUT transport and reduced back to ASCORBATE to maintain the concentration gradient. True or False. The major cofactor formed from vitamin B6 is PLP. - correct answer True True or False. High consumption of ascorbic acid could increase the risk for hemorrhagic stroke. - correct answer False. High consumption of ALPHA TOCOPHEROL could increase the risk for hemorrhagic stroke.