FNDH 400 Exam 1

Macros - correct answer carbs, fats, proteins, water Micros - correct answer Vitamins, minerals What is a Kcal - correct answer Amount of energy required to raise the temp of water one degree Energy from macros - correct answer carb=4 protein=4 fat=9 alcohol (not a nutrient)=7 Functional foods - correct answer Foods that are useful in ways that go beyond nutrients Phytochemicals - correct answer A functional food that comes from plants Zoochemicals - correct answer Functional food that comes from animals Carotenoid - correct answer Functional foods that include both zoo and phyto chemicals (usually an yellow/orange color) ex: egg yolk, corn Nutritional research study rankings - correct answer 1. Systematic literature reviews 2. Clinical trials 3. Cohort 4. Case-control 5. Cross sectional 6. Animal studies 7. In vitro Statistical significance - correct answer p-value of .05 (5% unsure) is considered a significant study Risk reports - correct answer 1 is the median, below 1 is decreased risk, above is increased. Confidence interval - correct answer The range in which a study is 95% confident the decrease/increase will be Simple Carbohydrates - correct answer monosaccharides and disaccharides Monosaccharides - correct answer glucose, galactose (6 sides, same structure except position of alcohol OH) fructose (5 sides) Disaccharides - correct answer two monosaccharides bonded together maltose (glucose-A-glucose) sucrose (glucose-A-fructose) lactose (glucose-B-galactose) Why are sugar alcohols a good option for chewing gum - correct answer They don't ferment on teeth Which alternative sweeteners don't break down when heated - correct answer Neotame Advantame Acesulfame-Potassium Sucralose Stevia Luo Han Guo Oligosaccharides - correct answer 3-10 monosaccharides ex: legumes, whole wheat, broccoli Beano - correct answer contains alpha-galactosidase which breaks down oligosaccharides and prevents it from making gas Polysaccharides - correct answer 10 monosaccharides Starch - correct answer Storage form of glucose in plants A polysaccharide 2 kinds: amylose and amylopectin Amylose - correct answer linear starch with only alpha 1-4 bonds Amylopectin - correct answer branched starch with alpha 1-4 and 1-6 bonds Glycogen - correct answer A polysaccharide storage form of glucose in animals branched (like amylopectin)