Midwifery, 3rd Edition Questions from
Textbook with Complete Solutions(rated
A)
in particular.
Name four social determinants that can and do influence women's health. - ANSWER-
sex and gender, racism, life stages, access to resources and diversity.
Provide three questions each on cardiac health and pulmonary health used in an
antenatal booking assessment that would determine whether further referral is required.
- ANSWER-(1) Have you been told you have had rheumatic fever? Do you suffer from
joint pain/and or chest pain? Do you take medication for your heart?
(2) Does it hurt when you breathe? Do you get breathless easily? Do you have a
persistent cough for which you see the Dr regularly?
When and why would you perform a full 'hands-on' breast examination? - ANSWER-The
midwife should complete a full hands-on breast examination in early pregnancy
following a comprehensive history, before physiological changes are pronounced, as
early detection is vital. The hands-on examination can highlight any skin abnormalities,
nipple changes /discharge, lumps or other abnormalities and the midwife can refer to
other services early if need be.
What are the effects of obesity on pregnancy and birth? - ANSWER-Infertility,
miscarriage, fetal anomaly, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, sleep apnoea,
increased incidence of IOL, slow progress in labour, instrumental delivery, LSCS
shoulder dystocia, PPH, increased risk of infection postnatally, DVT, postnatal
depression.
How much exercise is safe in pregnancy? - ANSWER-Regular moderate to vigorous
prenatal exercise has been shown to provide maternal health benefits.
How would you screen for perinatal depression in midwifery practice? Why would
mental health screening be an important role for the midwife? - ANSWER-Use of
antenatal psychosocial assessment tool and other tools increases midwives' awareness
of potential perinatal depression, and regular support and intervention as well as
reassessment can ensure that women are supported through the emotional time that
the postnatal period is.
What are the estimated rates of family (intimate) violence in pregnant women in
Australia and New Zealand? Why are they only 'estimated'? - ANSWER-42 % of women
, experienced violence during their pregnancy, with 20% assaulted for the first time
during their pregnancy. These are estimated numbers as the stigma and fear around
reporting family violence still prevent women from actively reporting.
Give two benefits and two disadvantages of routine screening for family violence in
pregnancy. - ANSWER-Benefits—allows women to know that there is support and
allows them access to it; raises general awareness in the community which has long
term benefits for all sections of the community.
Disadvantages—women who experience family violence may not attend antenatal
appointments and therefore will miss out on screening; fear about reporting and what
happens next prevents them from being honest.
Name three adverse effects related to smoking cigarettes in pregnancy for (a) the
mother and (b) the baby. - ANSWER-a) Hypertension in pregnancy, antepartum
haemorrhage, asthma. B) Low birth weight, SIDS, lung disease.
What are some of the adverse effects of using heroin in pregnancy? - ANSWER-
Miscarriage, preterm labour, IUGR, stillbirth.
What are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia infection in women? - ANSWER-
Vaginal discharge or abnormal bleeding, abdominal pain, fever due to PID or infection,
infertility or ectopic pregnancy, dysuria.
What are the main characteristics of a profession and why is it important for midwifery to
be a profession? - ANSWER-Midwives are a disciplined group of individuals who
adhere to high ethical standards and uphold themselves to, and are accepted by, the
public as possessing a unique body of knowledge and skills that are derived from
specialised education,
Outline the action of the combined oestrogen/progesterone contraceptive pill with
reference to the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. - ANSWER-Hormonal
contraceptives contain levels of oestrogen and/or progesterone that cause feedback
control on the HPO axis to prevent follicle development and ovulation. Some
contraceptives use the cervical mucus-changing properties of progesterone (e.g. the
minipill).
List three physiological factors that promote successful fertilisation. - ANSWER-(1) The
oocyte secretes a chemical that attracts sperm (Sun et al., 2005).
(2) Progesterone released after ovulation stimulates the acrosomal reaction (Shah et
al., 2003).
(3) Increased oestrogen levels at this time have many effects, such as: increasing the
contractility of the fallopian tube, which assists sperm transport.
Explain why teratogens tend to cause more severe developmental problems when
exposure occurs in the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. - ANSWER-The embryo is
vulnerable to developmental disruption from a wide range of teratogens—
Textbook with Complete Solutions(rated
A)
in particular.
Name four social determinants that can and do influence women's health. - ANSWER-
sex and gender, racism, life stages, access to resources and diversity.
Provide three questions each on cardiac health and pulmonary health used in an
antenatal booking assessment that would determine whether further referral is required.
- ANSWER-(1) Have you been told you have had rheumatic fever? Do you suffer from
joint pain/and or chest pain? Do you take medication for your heart?
(2) Does it hurt when you breathe? Do you get breathless easily? Do you have a
persistent cough for which you see the Dr regularly?
When and why would you perform a full 'hands-on' breast examination? - ANSWER-The
midwife should complete a full hands-on breast examination in early pregnancy
following a comprehensive history, before physiological changes are pronounced, as
early detection is vital. The hands-on examination can highlight any skin abnormalities,
nipple changes /discharge, lumps or other abnormalities and the midwife can refer to
other services early if need be.
What are the effects of obesity on pregnancy and birth? - ANSWER-Infertility,
miscarriage, fetal anomaly, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, sleep apnoea,
increased incidence of IOL, slow progress in labour, instrumental delivery, LSCS
shoulder dystocia, PPH, increased risk of infection postnatally, DVT, postnatal
depression.
How much exercise is safe in pregnancy? - ANSWER-Regular moderate to vigorous
prenatal exercise has been shown to provide maternal health benefits.
How would you screen for perinatal depression in midwifery practice? Why would
mental health screening be an important role for the midwife? - ANSWER-Use of
antenatal psychosocial assessment tool and other tools increases midwives' awareness
of potential perinatal depression, and regular support and intervention as well as
reassessment can ensure that women are supported through the emotional time that
the postnatal period is.
What are the estimated rates of family (intimate) violence in pregnant women in
Australia and New Zealand? Why are they only 'estimated'? - ANSWER-42 % of women
, experienced violence during their pregnancy, with 20% assaulted for the first time
during their pregnancy. These are estimated numbers as the stigma and fear around
reporting family violence still prevent women from actively reporting.
Give two benefits and two disadvantages of routine screening for family violence in
pregnancy. - ANSWER-Benefits—allows women to know that there is support and
allows them access to it; raises general awareness in the community which has long
term benefits for all sections of the community.
Disadvantages—women who experience family violence may not attend antenatal
appointments and therefore will miss out on screening; fear about reporting and what
happens next prevents them from being honest.
Name three adverse effects related to smoking cigarettes in pregnancy for (a) the
mother and (b) the baby. - ANSWER-a) Hypertension in pregnancy, antepartum
haemorrhage, asthma. B) Low birth weight, SIDS, lung disease.
What are some of the adverse effects of using heroin in pregnancy? - ANSWER-
Miscarriage, preterm labour, IUGR, stillbirth.
What are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia infection in women? - ANSWER-
Vaginal discharge or abnormal bleeding, abdominal pain, fever due to PID or infection,
infertility or ectopic pregnancy, dysuria.
What are the main characteristics of a profession and why is it important for midwifery to
be a profession? - ANSWER-Midwives are a disciplined group of individuals who
adhere to high ethical standards and uphold themselves to, and are accepted by, the
public as possessing a unique body of knowledge and skills that are derived from
specialised education,
Outline the action of the combined oestrogen/progesterone contraceptive pill with
reference to the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. - ANSWER-Hormonal
contraceptives contain levels of oestrogen and/or progesterone that cause feedback
control on the HPO axis to prevent follicle development and ovulation. Some
contraceptives use the cervical mucus-changing properties of progesterone (e.g. the
minipill).
List three physiological factors that promote successful fertilisation. - ANSWER-(1) The
oocyte secretes a chemical that attracts sperm (Sun et al., 2005).
(2) Progesterone released after ovulation stimulates the acrosomal reaction (Shah et
al., 2003).
(3) Increased oestrogen levels at this time have many effects, such as: increasing the
contractility of the fallopian tube, which assists sperm transport.
Explain why teratogens tend to cause more severe developmental problems when
exposure occurs in the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. - ANSWER-The embryo is
vulnerable to developmental disruption from a wide range of teratogens—
