WGU C100 Humanities Final Study Guide

1. Classical Period Acronym (BRTH PRD): BRTH- Balance, Reason, Truth, Humanism PRD- Polytheism, Republic, Democracy 2. Renaissance Period Acronym (RUSH RoCS - Michealangelos Rock sculpture): RUSH- Reformation, University System, Scientific Expansion, Humanism RoCS- Rebirth of Classicism & Self fashioning 3. Neoclassical & Enlightenment Period Acronym (CORDES- classical cords): CORDES- Classicism, Order, Rationalism, Deism, Empiricism, Skepticism 4. Romantic Period Acronym (INNER HP- Inner romantic hero & passion): INNER- Individiualism, Nationalism, Nature, Exoticism, Revolution HP- Heroism, Passion 5. Realism Period Acronym (I ID AoD - I Identify Age of Doubt): I- Industrialization ID- Individualism, Darwinism AoD- Age of Doubt 6. Classical Period: artists and philosophers were concerned with harmony and balance* in their works 7. Classical Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle engaged in pursuit of truth through logic and reason.2 / 32 8. Classical Period: democracy and republic governments formed 9. Classical religion: mainly polytheistic 10. Classical theme: humanism—simply a focus on humans. 11. Socratic Method: where questions and ideas were shared to solve problems in an open discussion. Classical Period. 12. Greek Epic Poetry: Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey. Which use exalted language and celebrate the cultural values of the heroic age. Classical Period. 13. Greek Lyrical Poetry: poetry that explored everyday objects using more intimate language. Followed Epic Poetry. Classical Period 14. Roman poetry: poetry that follows much of the form and content of Greek poetry while exalting the Roman Empire. The Greek poet Sappho explored human emotions, such as love and desire, in her poem "A Lament for Adonis." Classical Period.3 / 32 15. Classical Period Theater: theater structure that laid the foundations for theater as we know it today. It addressed period themes such as humanism, truth, balance, and the essence of life. It included such literary devices as foreshadowing, tragic irony, reversal of fortune, double entendre, discovery, and use of a chorus. 16. Sophocles and Aristophanes: 2 notable playwrights (theater writers) in Classical Period. 17. Classical Period Art & Architecture: Ancient Greek art and architecture served to promote religion, present beauty, and glorify Athenian society. Ancient Roman art and architecture focused on themes of power, military victory, and heroism. 18. contrapposto: a life-like stance in which the figure's weight rests on one leg. The resulting dip of a shoulder balances the rise of a hip to create a dynamic pose. Classic Period. 19. Classic Period Architecture: focused on balance and symmetry. Greek temples featured columns, topped with a capital*, which supported the entablature*, a decorative area that featured painted or carved friezes*. The triangular shaped roof ends contained more sculptures called pediments*. Perhaps the most notable Ancient Greek structure is the Parthenon, which features Doric order columns.The Parthenon once housed a large statue of Athena covered in gold. 20. Capital: Top part of the column between the Column and the Entablature. Classic Period. 21. Entablature: Horizontal layers of the building that are supported by columns or walls. Classic Period. 22. Friezes: Broad horizontal band that is sculpted or that is painted. Usually on4 / 32 the wall or near the ceiling. Classic period. 23. Pediment: The triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style. Classic period. 24. Classical Period Music: typically consisted of simple four note successions played as a perfect fourth, drawing similarities to the Middle Eastern tradition of music.The played a variety of instruments, including the lyre, a stringed instrument similar to a harp. 25. Lyre: a stringed instrument similar to a harp. Classic Period. 26. The incubator of western civilization: Greece and Rome's proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. It facilitated cultural exchange among the ancient civilizations in southern Europe, western Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Classic Period.5 / 32 27. Kouros.: The Greeks borrowed the proportions of the three-dimensional sculptures of the ancient Egyptians in developing the life-like male, human figure. Classic Period. 28. Classical Period: The Greeks borrowed the alphabet of the Phoenicians and imitated Egyptian mythological creatures and artistic motifs in their artwork. 29. Silk Road: provided access to Asia and brought the valuable Chinese good of silk to the Romans. In return, the Romans sent their glass to the east. It also opened the door for Eastern religions—such as Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Daoism—to spread to Europe. Christianity also spread quickly along the same trade route. Classical Period. 30. Classical Period influences: They can be seen in the United States today in the political system because of democracy and republic, in architecture through Lincolns estate, and in the arts as in "O Brother Where Art Thou" & retelling of "The Odyssey". 31. Renaissance Period: French for "rebirth," was characterized by a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and an emphasis on humanism. 32. Renaissance Period: This cultural flourish overlapped the Age of Discovery and advancements in science, thus making science a legitimate source of knowledge. 33. Renaissance Period: 34. Urbanization: Cities accumulated wealth and channeled some of this newfound wealth into funding the arts. Artists applied scientific principles to solve problems of perspective and devised new techniques for representing light and shade. Renaissance Period.6 / 32 35. Renaissance Period: Rebirth of Classicism: there was a rebirth of classical ideals, mainly humanism, rationalism, and balance, based on the belief that classical literary, scientific, and philosophical works provided additional resources for learning and living. 36. Rationalism & Scientific Expansion: Many people in the Renaissance embodied a strong interest in rationalism and scientific inquiry, leading to deeper understanding of the world and technological developments in such areas as medicine, transportation, and warfare. 37. Expansion of the University System: The Renaissance approach to education produced the ideal of the well-rounded individual who was not bound to any one discipline. As the university system spread across Europe, it represented a significant change in epistemology.