Bio 210 Final Exam Genetics 2024 Actual Exam

BIO 210 FINAL EXAM GENETICS 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - CORRECT ANSWERphosphate group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base What nitrogenous bases are purines - CORRECT ANSWER-Adenine and Guanine What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWERcytosine, thymine, uracil How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER-purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWERDNA: double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2' Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER-nucleoside: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - CORRECT ANSWERPhosphodiester bonds What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits 2.) Must be capable of replication 3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation 4.) Must be able to express information Where are chromosomes located? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell's nucleus what is a centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER-location in the cell that contains centrioles What are centrioles? - CORRECT ANSWER-microtubules that produce mitotic spindle fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 centrioles/1 centrosome How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell typically have? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 copies