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What is the purpose of a passive postural assessment? - ANSWER-A passive postural assessment determines whether you need to address any obvious postural concerns. The benefit of a PPA is that you can passively observe the client at no risk to them because they aren't exercising to determine whether muscle imbalances are present because of tightness or weakness in certain areas of the body. Common postural faults are the result of: - ANSWER-Long, weak muscles on one side of the joint and short, tight muscles on the other side. These imbalances alter the function of the joint as well as passive and dynamic posture. Upper Crossed Syndrome - ANSWER-Postural stress resulting primarily from imbalances displayed in the muscles that bridge and connect the head, neck, shoulder girdle and thorax. Short and tight muscles: pectorals, upper trapezius, levator scapulae and the suboccipitals and potentially gluteals and hamstrings Muscles prone to becomming lengthened and weakened in upper crossed syndrome: - ANSWER-Cervical spine flexors and extensors, lower and middle trapezius, rhomboids and serratus anterior. A lat pull down would be a good exercise to incorporate into your program to strengthen rhomboids and trapezius, for example. One of the greatest effects of upper crossed syndrome: - ANSWER-Weakening of the diaphragm which can alter optimal breathing patterns Physical presentation of a person with upper crossed syndrome - ANSWER-Increased curvature of thoracic spine (kyphosis), decreased lumbar curvature aka flat back. Common cause and consequences of upper crossed syndrome - ANSWER-Excessive sitting at a desk. Upper crossed syndrome creates a C-shaped curve that encourages shearing forces throughout the cervical and lumbar spine, which can result in degenerative disk and joint disease


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