Camrt 2023 Exam Questions With All Correct Answers

CAMRT 2023 Exam QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS Why include ant ST on lat Cspine - ANSWER- Pre verterbal fat stripe- widening=#, mass, inflammation Air gap technique - ANSWER- reduces scatter, increases contrast IP 10-15 cm away from pt mAs increase 10% for every cm gap Not effective with high kV why expiration with pneumo - ANSWER- reduces lung vol, pneumo occupies larger area- easier to see Spondylolisthesis - ANSWER- forward displacement of a vertebra commonly occurs after # (pars) Spondylolysis - ANSWER- occurs when there is a fracture of the pars portion of the vertebra. Situs inverus - ANSWER- organs on opposite side dyspneic - ANSWER- SOB hematuria - ANSWER- blood in urine cystitis - ANSWER- bladder infection judet - ANSWER- c: side in contact ant acetabular rim (external obl) o: side raised post ace rim T/z score - ANSWER- T: bone loss compared to peak (30 yr old)- assess # risk, Osteoporosis Z: compared to pts bmd of same age group + race Normal: -1 Osteo: -2.5 AP knee angle - ANSWER- 18 cm and less: 5 caudad 19-24cm: no angle 25cm +: 5 ceph indication of ant hip dislocation - ANSWER- ext rotated foot Outlet/ inlet - ANSWER- oulet: around 25-30 (men) 45 women ceph for rami inlet: 40 caudad for pelvic ring Lat Tspine if pt has big sholders - ANSWER- angle 10-15 ceph Hypovolemic shock - ANSWER- fluid loss 15-25% SS: cold and clammy, thirst, cyanosis What to do: elevate legs( trendelenberg), keep warm Ba Enema tips - ANSWER- insert tube ant + sup hang bag 46cm 18inch 24 hrs prior clear liquid diet Stomach positions - ANSWER- GI position RAO: Ba in duodenal bulb, pyloric canal (also seen in rt lat) LPO: fundus Lat: ant/post stomach, retrogastric space PA: Ba in body and pylorus/ air in fundus AP: Ba filled fundus and duodenum/jejunum Ba Enema views - ANSWER- Shisard: PA (30 caud) Rectosigmoid LPO/RAO: hepatic/colic flex, asc colon, sigmoid RPO/LAO: splenic, desc Aliasing/ Moire - ANSWER- wavy grid artifact common with low freq stationary non moving grid grid strips parallel with scan direction (should be perp) Grid kV - ANSWER- 90kV and less use a 8:1 grid need 15% more dose Varus/ Valgus - ANSWER- Varus move distal segment medial Valgus move lat OBL wrist demo - ANSWER- Trapezium, trapezoid, scaphoid base 2-5 SI Pisiform SI triquetral Cardiogenic shock - ANSWER- with pulm emb, myocardial infarction: Heart not pumping enough blood to organs SS: chest pain, dizziness, change in consciousness, cool clammy, decr Bp, Irregular pulse What to do: place in semi fowlers, prepare for CPR Distributive shock - ANSWER- Pooling of blood in peripheral vessels, decreased Bp 3 types: neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic Neurogenic shock - ANSWER- diabetic shock- lack of glucose adverse affect to anethesia SS: low Bp, bradycardia, warm dry skin, cool extrem, keep pt supine Septic shock - ANSWER- SS: incre HR and breathing, nausea, seizure keep warm Anaphylactic shock - ANSWER- mild: congestion, swelling eyes, tight throat mod: warm flush+ itch, dyspnea severe: vomitting, decr Bp, cramping Pulm embolism: Obstructive shock - ANSWER- occlusion of pulm art by thrombus SS: rapid weak pulse- tacycardia, dyspnea, diaphoresis (sweating), syncope, low bp Diabetic emergencies - ANSWER- Hypoglycemia: excess insulin from not eating Ketoacidosis: insuff insulin causes liver to produce more glucose= hyperglycemic - excess urination, sweet breath SS: tacycardia,extreme thirst Pt faints what to do - ANSWER- help to floor and elevate legs Line focus principle - ANSWER- effective FS smaller then actual Small anode angle - ANSWER- large heel affect 15% incr kV is equivalent to - ANSWER- doubling mAs but no dose increase HVL is best method for measuring - ANSWER- xray quality coherent scatter happens with energies - ANSWER- lower then 10 keV do no contribute to the image Compton scatter - ANSWER- dominant at high energy (120kV) outer shell reduces xray energy, changes direction reduces contrast photoelectric absorption - ANSWER- inner shell xray absorbed proportional to z contributes alot to pt dose mammo - ANSWER- 50-70cm SID 25-32kV FS: 0.1-0.3 mm smaller for mag 40 years + for screening FS blur - ANSWER- less on anode side more on cathode Big pt attenuates - ANSWER- more xrays most important influence on subject contrast - ANSWER- kVP low kV: high SC, short grayscale high kV - ANSWER- high scatter Grid ratio - ANSWER- height/D(width) high grid ratios are more effective in reducing scatter Parallel grid - ANSWER- more common for cutoff with short SID Focused (moving grid) - ANSWER- prevent grid lines minimize cutoff off focus (wrong SID) - ANSWER- cutoff towards edge off center - ANSWER- grid cut off across image/ underexposed Pleural effusion tech increase - ANSWER- incr mAs by 35%