Final Exam West Coast EMT

What is croup? What are the S/S? - upper airway viral infection that blocks the breathing s/s: barking cough, hoarse voice, fever, labored or noisy breathing What is Epiglottis? What the S/S? - The tissue protecting the windpipe is inflamed causing swelling, which blocks the lungs from a bacterial infection S/S: SOB, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, fever from infection What is a vesicant agent (Terrorism) - man-made chemical warfare agent (mustard gas, phosgene) What is compensated shock? What are the S/S? How does the body react? - Is a stage of shock refers to the initial stage the the body is still able to compensate for the tissue perfusion decrease, including tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction S/S: cool extremities, weak pulse, delayed cap refill, tachycardia, narrowing pulse pressure What is decompensated shock? - when the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident S/S: cold, clammy extremities, feeble or absent peripheral pulse, bradycardia, low systolic blood pressureWhat is the axial skeleton? - the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate, the framework supports and protect the organs Blunt trauma to the right upper or left lower abdomen - Right upper: Liver, Gallbladder, R kidney Left Lower: Colon, Left Kidney compression to breath ratio 1 to 2 person rescue for adult and infants - Adult/Infant 1 person rescuer 30:2 Adult/Infant 2 person rescuer 15:2 What is APGAR? - A quick test performed on a baby 1-5 minutes after birth Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, activity, and Respiration Where do you start assessment on adults vs children - Begin at the toes for a child Begin at the head for an adult When someone gets hit by car, where would you see injuries in and adult vs a kid ( likelihood) - Adult: front bumper strikes the lower leg region or pelvic region Child: small child head and neck, bigger child would be chest or torso pediatric non rebreather and nasal cannula - Non rebreather: 10-15 LPM flow rate Nasal Cannula: 2-6 LMP flow ratewhy do elderly have brittle bones (osteoporosis) - The holes in the bones get bigger and the outer layer becomes thinner, The bones get less dense What is evaporation? - The body's Natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas. What is conduction? - Heat from the body being transferred to an cooler surface What is convection? - Loss of heat through thorough contact with a cooler gas or fluid. What is Radiation? - The transfer of heat by radiant energy. radiant energy is a type of invisible light that transfers heat. radiation can also transfer the cold like standing in a cold room or heat by standing next to a fire What is a tension pneumothorax? - occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount blood returned to the heart s/s: chest pain, SOB, rapid breathing, racing heart, followed by shock What is a pneumothorax? - a collapsed lung that cause air to enter the space between your lung and chest wall S/S: Sudden chest pain, SOB, shallow breathing, sometimes a cough Whats the difference between hyper and hypo glycemia? What do you do for each?/what could a hospital do for each? - Hyper- high blood sugar - Continuous IV infusion of regular insulin is the treatment of choice beware for vomiting, monitor cardiac rhythm- hospitals will administer insulin Hypo- low blood sugar - We can help by monitoring blood glucose and administering oral glucose - Hospitals can rapid-acting glucose