S-130 and L-180 Final Exam Latest Update Graded A+

S-130 and L-180 Final Exam Latest Update Graded A+ What are the 5 communication responsibilities? • Brief others as needed • Debrief your actions (AAR) • Communicate hazards to others • Acknowledge messages and understand intent • Ask if you don't know What must occur for effective communication? Sender, receiver, information exchange What reduces judgement and alertness on the fireline? fatigue, stress, heat stress, physical and interior barriers What are some human factors that affect situational awareness? INEXPERIENCE (unfamiliar with area or factors) DISTRACTION FROM PRIMARY TASK (radio traffic, conflict, pervious errors, collateral duties, incident within incident) FATIGUE (carbon monoxide, dehydration, heat stress, poor physical fitness) STRESS REACTIONS (communication deteriorates/grows tense, habitual or repetitive behavior, target fixation, action tunneling, escalation of commitment) HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES (invulnerable, anti-authority, impulsive, macho, complacent, resigned, group think) What are the steps in an after-action-review? What was planned? What actually happened? Why did it happen? What can we do next time? When is an AAR most effective? when performed immediately after event, leader's role is to ensure skilled facilitation, reinforce respectful disagreement is ok, focus on what instead of who, make sure everyone participates, end on a positive note What are the 10 standard firefighting orders? -Keep informed on fire weather conditions and forecasts -Know what your fire is doing at all times -Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire -Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known -Post lookouts when possible danger -Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, act decisively -Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining forces -Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood -Maintain control of your forces at all times -Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first What are the 18 watch-out situations? -Fire not scouted and sized up -In country not seen in daylight -Safety zones and escape routes not identified -Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior -Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards -Instructions and assignments not clear -No communication link with crew members or supervisor -constructing fireline without safe anchor point -building fireline downhill with fire below -attempting frontal assault on fire -unburned fuel between you and the fire -cannot see main fire and not in contact with someone who can -on hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below -weather becoming hotter and drier -wind increases and/or changes direction -getting frequent sport fires across the line -terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult -taking a nap near fireline What book do you use for looking up hazardous materials? DOT Emergency Response Guide What are the 5 steps to the risk management process? - Identify Hazards (situational awareness) -Assess Hazards -Develop controls and make risk decisions -Implement controls -Supervise and Evaluate What should you do when approaching a hazardous area/spill? Uphill, upstream, upgrade... use caution What are the four basic operational components to be established and known? LCES What does LCES stand for? Lookouts Communications Escape Routes Safety Zones Spacing when working with hand tools two tool lengths or 10 ft What are some important things to remember about foot travel? Supervisor sets pace, crew must stay together, 10 ft distance between members, etc How do you approach a helicopter? from the front, maintain eye contact with pilot How do you approach a fixed wing aircraft? from behind the wings, maintain eye contact with pilot Who is ultimately in charge? Incident Commander Types of fire engines Type 1, Type 2, 3, etc... Lower number=bigger engine What does MIST stand for? Minimum Impact Suppression Tactics Why is MIST important? Minimizes impacts of fire management actions, unnecessary resource damage prevented, cost savings realized... DO NOT COMPROMISE FIREFIGHTER SAFETY Cold trail wireline, burn out sections of fireline, roll material out of fireline construction area, scrape around tree bases, flush cut stumps, ets. What is the chain of command on the fireline? firefighter, squad boss, crew boss, division supervisor