Pn2 Final Exam Questions And Answers

PN2 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Unethical studies in history - Answer 1. Nazi medical experiments WWII 2. Tuskegee syphilis study 3. Thalidomide study What is beneficence? - Answer Maximizing benefits and minimizing risk of har m; the right to freedom from harm or discomfort; the right to protection from exploitation Who is Henrietta Lacks? - Answer a woman who's cancer cells were the 1st human cells to be grown outside the human body (HeLa cells) What is sampling and where can it be found? - Answer Sampling is selecting a representative unit of a population; it can usually be found in the methods section Example of Sampling - Answer Population: adults with T2DM Target Population: women >18 years old, able to speak, write, and read English, and newly diagnosed with T2DM Accessible population: women >18 years old, able to speak, write, and read English, and with a diagnosis of T2DM within a year in Seattle, WA Sample: women >18 years old, able to speak, read, and write English, with a diagnosis o f T2DM within a year, who are patients of the UWMC in Seattle, WA. Sample criteria - Answer Developed from research question/hypothesis, purpose, literature review, and research design What are sampling methods? - Answer Non-probability (convenience, quote, purposive, networking) Probability (simple random, stratified random, systematic) Non-probability sampling - Answer Advantages: easy, less time, cheap Disadvantages: less/no representativeness, limited generalizability Uses: non-experimental quantitative, qualitative studies Probability sampling - Answer Advantages: non-biased/low risk of bias sample selec tion, maximized representativeness and generalizability Disadvantages: time-consuming Uses: experimental (RCTs, quasi-experimental) studies Non-probability convenience - Answer - most readily accessible - advantages: easy, less cost and time - disadvantages: hard to control for bias, no representativeness - uses: nonexperimental or qualitative studies Nonprobability quota - Answer - identified the subgroups - proportionally represents the strata in the sample - advantages: easy, representative, not random selection Nonprobability purposive - Answer Subjects selected who are considered to be typical of the population Useful in studying populations with unusual/rare characteristics Assumes that errors of judgment in overrepresenting or underrepresenting characteristics of the population in the sample will tend to balance out - uses: qualitative research, focused RCT Nonprobability networking - Answer - snowballing: referrals - difficult or rare cases - limit generalizability