Biology 121 - Usask Exam Questions And Answers

Biology 121 - Usask Exam Questions And Answers endemic species - ANS live in only one or a very small number of places (eg island or lake) cosmopolitan species - ANS species that occur in most regions of the world Galapagos island - ANS - Many endemic species - 500 spp. of vascular plants are endemic -92% of species of land birds are endemic - 26% of marine birds are endemic Biological adaptation - ANS an anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioral trait of an organism that has evolved over a period of time by the process of natural selection such that it increases the expected long-term reproductive success of the organism Marine Iguana (spends part of time in sea) - ANS evolved: - laterally flattened tails for swimming - powerful limbs with strong claws (hold onto rocks) - blunt noses for grazing on seaweed Blue-footed booby (adapted for diving) - ANS - streamline shape, large tail, nostrils that close - Large webbed feet propel bird through water at high speeds - specialized salt-secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea - uropygial gland (waterproofing) Greater frigates (adapted for aerial life) - ANS - highest ratio of wingspan/weight - tiny unwebbed feet - vestigial uropygial gland (unnecessary waterproofing) Aristotle - ANS father of biology - metabolism - temp reg - info processing - embryonic development - inheritence Antonie van Leeuwenhoek () - ANS "father of microbiology", dutch linen merchant, first to observe living microbes, single-lens magnified up to 300X Carolus Linnaeus () - ANS Father of taxonomy Georges Cuvier () - ANS Father of paleontology Jean Baptist Lamarck () - ANS Defined Biology in 1802 Role of Natural History Museums - ANS -acquire, conserve, restore, manage and exhibit very important collections of natural history, living organisms, inert collections, and databases Deductive reasoning - ANS - specific observations are predicted from a general premise -ex: all wasps have stingers Inductive reasoning - ANS - general conclusions are drawn from specific observations -ex: all hymenopterans have stingers (because bee, wasp and fire ants do) Scientific Method - ANS 1. producing a hypothesis 2. designing and performing controlled experiments or making observations that allow data relevant to the hypothesis to be collected 3. analyzing the data in an objective way against the background of existing knowledge; and 4. drawing conclusions that support or refute the hypothesis Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) - ANS Adapted to: - live in cold temps - moving across snow, ice & open water - hunt for prey Adaptations of polar bear - ANS - thick white fur for insulation and camouflage - small ear reduce heat loss - sharp claws and teeth for catching & eating prey - strong legs for swimming and running to catch prey - large feet spread body mass on ice and snow - fur on feet soles for insulation and grip - thick layer of blubber for insulation and energy storage abiotic factors - ANS Nonliving components of environment. (water, fire , wind, gases, pH, salts, etc) Biotic factors - ANS any living component that affects another organism or shapes the ecosystem. This includes both animals that consume other organisms within their ecosystem, and the organism that i