Summary
Summary - PY3 - Psychology: Research Methods and Issues in Research
- Course
- Institution
A document with a full set of definitions and formulae necessary for the Psychology unit 2 exam on Research Methods.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
bishoprylee956
Content preview
Psychology definitionsResearch Methods
Primary Research – Data gathered directly by first-hand experience. (Questionnaires,
interviews, experiments, etc.) Can be gathered using several methods. Specifically relate to
the aim of the research.
Strengths – Enables the researcher to have greater control over the data.
Weaknesses – Can be a lengthy and expensive process.
Secondary Research – The summary, collection, and use of pre-existing research.
Gathering and analysing data from research that has been conducted by another
researcher. (Literature reviews or content analysis).
Strengths – Less time consuming and cheaper than primary research.
Weaknesses – May not exactly fit the aim of the study due to it being secondary,
-- Compromises the validity of the study.
Qualitative Data – Quality data that is not normally statistically analysed. Information in
words that cannot be counted or quantified. Detailed, In depth information.
Strengths – Can provide detailed information which can provide unexpected insights
into thoughts and behaviours because the answers are not restricted.
-- Reflects people's unique feelings/thoughts/behaviours.
Weaknesses – The complexity of analysing this type of data makes it difficult to
draw conclusions.
Quantitative Data – A large amount of data that is easily compared and statistically
analysed. Refers to how much or how many or how long, etc.
Strengths – This data is easy to analyse using descriptive and inferential statistics.
-- It enables conclusions to be easily drawn and comparisons to be
made.
Weaknesses – This data may oversimplify reality e.g. a questionnaire with closed
questions may force people to choose answers that do not represent their
true feelings.
Independent Variable – The variable that is manipulated. Assumed to affect the DV
(Dependent Variable).
Dependent Variable – The variable that is measured. May be affected by the IV
(Independent Variable)
Extraneous Variables – Affects ALL participants. May affect the outcome.
Confounding variables – Affects ONE or SOME participants. May affect the outcome.
Hypothesis – A clear guess. A precise, testable statement.
, Participants who ___________ are more likely to ________ than participants who
__________.
Null Hypothesis – The independent variable will not affect the dependent variable.
There will be NO difference in DV between _________ and ___________.
Non-Directional Hypothesis -
There will be A difference in DV between __________ and ___________.
Operationalisation – The value of the variable must be put into measurable terms.
Lab Research -
- Artificial Environment.
- High levels of control.
- Easy for others to replicate.
- Easy to maintain ethical guidelines.
- Participant may change their behaviour due to awareness of being observed.
(Hawthorne Effect)
Field Research -
- Natural setting.
- Low levels of control.
- Natural behaviour.
- Allows research which would not be possible in a lab.
- Difficult to measure and control variables.
- Lack of standardised procedures,
- Not all equipment can be used in the field.
- Difficult to get consent and debrief participants.
Online Research -
- May obtain diverse sample, increasing population validity.
- More cost effective than research in a lab.
- Quicker analysis of data.
- Dependent on Wi-Fi/4G
- Anonymous participants, limiting the ability to follow ethical guidelines.
Valid Consent – Revealing the true aims of the study so participants can make an informed
decision on whether they want to participate in the study.
Prior General Consent – Giving participants a list of studies asking them which are
acceptable, if yours is seen as acceptable, then you can use them in your study.
Presumptive Consent – Gaining views on what is acceptable from the general public.
Cost-Benefit Analysis – If the potential benefits of a piece of research out way the potential
costs to the participants, then the research may be allowed to go ahead.
Active Deception – To deliberately mislead your participants.
Passive Deception – To not tell the participant the real aim of the study.
Ethical Guidelines -
- Valid consent.
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bishoprylee956. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.16. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73091 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now