NSG 118 final (With complete solution)

effects of anesthesia on various age groups correct answers older pts affected more adversely than young or middle-aged adults: - declining liver function = decreased metabolism of drugs - declining renal function = decreased drug excretion these lead to increased risk of toxicity/OD - more sensitive to effects of drugs that act on CNS - cardiac and resp. disease puts older adults at risk of cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, respiratory depression, atelectasis, and pneumonia during post-anesthesia and post-op phases - the more drugs an older pt is taking, the higher the risk for adverse reactions and drug-drug interactions. considerations for neuro blocking agents correct answers - mechanical ventilation is required to prevent brain damage or death by suffocation - drugs should be marked with warning stickers - don't use or use with caution if patient has glaucoma or closed head injuries due to associated increase in intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure - imbalances in Na and Mg can lead to increased action of the drug and increased toxic effects - allergic reactions consist of: rash, fever, respiratory distress, and pruritus malignant hyperthermia correct answers - associated with anesthesia use - it is a rapid progression of hyperthermia that may be fatal if not promptly treated; - it is inherited -- get family and pt's medical Hx s/s include: - rapid rise in body temperature - tachycardia, irregular HR, unstable BP - tachypnea - muscle rigidity -cyanosis, mottling of the skin, diaphoresis use of epinephrine with local anesthetic correct answers - often co-administered with local anesthetics to prevent systemic reactions as it maintains localized drug activity - reduces local blood loss during minor surgical procedures because it is a vasoconstrictor priority of immediate post-op care correct answers Airway Breathing Circulation adverse effects and uses of cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) correct answers - adverse effects: great risk for hypotension w/in 1 hour of dosing, euphoria, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness,