NUR 400 midterm (Already Passed!)

evidence based practice (EBP) correct answers · Evidence based practice: the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patients' needs and values · EBP is not a "one size fits all" approach to healthcare · EBP is not a cost-cutting practice or method for rationing healthcare services Florence Nightingale correct answers Early nursing theory ● Most people agree that research in nursing began with Florence Nightingale in the mid 19th century ● Nightingale's Environmental Theory ○ "What nursing has to do is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him" ○ Derived from observations about patient experience · Nightingale had discovered that the majority of deaths in the Crimea were due to poor sanitation rather than casualties in battle. She wanted to persuade the government of the need for better hygiene in hospitals · It was discovered that the Barrack Hospital was built on a sewer, meaning patients were drinking contaminated water. The hospital, along with other British army hospitals, was flushed out and ventilation improved. Consequently, the death rate began to fall. Levels of Evidence correct answers ● Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials are at the pinnacle of traditional evidence hierarchies for therapy questions ● The essence of a meta-analysis is that findings from each study are used to compute a common index (an effect size) Effect sizes are averaged across studies, yielding information about the relationship Experimental correct answers ○ Researcher actively introduces intervention to address a question ○ Explicitly designed to test causal relationships ○ Clinical trial Non-experimental correct answers ○ Researcher observes, but does not intervene ○ Collect data without introducing treatments ○ Observational study Qualitative Studies correct answers ● Understanding people's perception of reality ● Data are based on observations, narratives, pictures, and text that can be summarized through themes, categories, or other units PICOT Question correct answers ● P: population of interest ● I: intervention or issue of interest ● C: comparison of interest ● O: outcome expected ● T: time needed for the intervention to achieve the outcome or the time in the course of the disease/ symptom that the intervention is applied