Microbiology Chapter 22

Microbiology Chapter 22 Dimorphism - ANS 1. The ability of a fungus to grow as a yeast or a mold depending on its environmental temperature is called A. fungal virulence. B. parasitism. C. dimorphism. D. dermatophytes. E. opportunistic fungi. Respiratory and cutaneous - ANS 2. The routes of entry for most fungi into the body are A. urinary and reproductive. B. digestive and respiratory. C. blood and wounds. D. respiratory and cutaneous. Antifungal drugs - ANS 3. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and the imidazoles are all A. mycotoxins. B. fungal enzymes. C. antifungal drugs. D. culture media supplements for fungi. Candida - ANS 4. All of the following are dimorphic, true fungal pathogens except A. Candida. B. Histoplasma. C. Blastomyces. D. Coccidioides. E. Paracoccidioides. Blood-borne - ANS 5. The terms used for the four general types of fungal infection include the following, except A. cutaneous. B. blood-borne. C. systemic. D. subcutaneous. E. superficial. It grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat guano - ANS 6. Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include A. it grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat guano. B. it is a yeast with a capsule. C. it is a dermatophyte. D. it grows in dry, arid soil. East and midwest - ANS 7. The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the A. Southeast. B. Southwest. C. East and Midwest. D. Northeast. E. Rocky Mountains. Histoplasmosis never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tract - ANS 8. Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis? A. The pathogen grows inside macrophages. B. It is transmitted by inhalation of spores. C. Respiratory infections range from mild to severe. D. Chronic cases have symptoms similar to tuberculosis. E. Histoplasmosis never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tract. The pathogen grows best in soil with bird and bat guano - ANS 9. All of the following pertain to coccidioidomycosis, except A. the pathogen grows best in soil with bird and bat guano. B. fungomas occur in the lungs of those infected. C. it is transmitted by inhalation of arthrospores. D. it often has symptoms of fever, chest pain, cough, headache, malaise. E. it is also called valley fever. Causes Gilchrist's disease and Chicago's disease - ANS 10. Blastomyces dermatitidis A. causes Gilchrist's disease and Chicago's disease. B. is transmitted by skin contact with fomites. C. is a dermatophyte. D. usually enters through the gastrointestinal tract E. All of these choices are correct. Endemic to regions of central and South America - ANS 11. Paracoccidioides is A. a superficial mycosis. B. endemic to regions of Central and South America. C. only seen in immunocompromised patients. D. also known as valley fever. E. All of these choices are correct. It causes a superficial cutaneous infection - ANS 12. Which is incorrect about Sporothrix schenckii? A. It is dimorphic. B. It lives in the soil. C. It is often transmitted by soil-contaminated thorns. D. It causes a superficial cutaneous infection. E. It causes nodules along regional lymphatic channels. Is caused by saprobes with dark-pigmented mycelia and spores - ANS 13. Chromoblastomycosis A. is caused by saprobes with dark-pigmented mycelia and spores. B. is caused by dimorphic fungi. C. is a systemic infection. D. is a serious respiratory tract infection. E. has a peak incidence in Alaska. A subcutaneous infection that looks like a tumor - ANS 14. Mycetoma is A. a subcutaneous infection that looks like a tumor. B. also called athlete's foot. C. caused by dermatophytes. D. only seen in the Midwest. E. All of these choices are correct. All of these choices are correct - ANS 15. Dermatophytoses are A. fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. B. also called ringworm. C. also called tineas. D. often time-consuming to eradicate completely. E. All of these choices are correct. Have reservoirs that include humans, animals, and soils - ANS 16. Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton A. produce tissue-damaging mycotoxins. B. all cause athlete's foot. C. have reservoirs that include humans, animals, and soils. D. frequently cause septicemia. E. are dimorphic fungi. Tinea capitis - ringworm of the beard - ANS 17. Which is mismatched? A. Tinea capitis - ringworm of the beard B. Tinea pedis - ringworm of the foot C. Tinea cruis - ringworm of the groin D. Tinea corporis - ringworm of the body E. Tinea unguium - ringworm of the nails All of these choices are correct - ANS 18. Transmission of tineas include A. human to human. B. animal to human. C. soil to human. D. fomites to human. E. All of these choices are correct. It is often transmitted by fomites - ANS 19. Which is incorrect about tinea versicolor? A. It is a superficial mycosis. B. It is often transmitted by fomites. C. It is caused by the yeast Malassezia furfur. D. It causes disruption of skin pigmentation resulting in a mottled appearance. E. It occasionally causes systemic infections in compromised patients. It has a large capsule - ANS 20. All of the following pertain to Candida albicans, except A. it is an opportunistic yeast. B. small numbers found in the mouth, intestines, genitalia, and skin. C. it has a large capsule. D. infections often arise from an endogenous source. E. persistent moist skin influences infection. All of these choices are correct - ANS 21. Candidiasis includes A. intertriginous infection of skin sites. B. vulvovaginal infection. C. oral cavity and esophageal infections. D. skin and nail infections. E. All of these choices are correct. It is commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia - ANS 22. Cryptococcus neoformans has the following characteristics, except A. it is commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia. B. it is an encapsulated yeast. C. it can be found in high numbers in soil containing pigeon droppings. D. it usually enters body by inhalation. E. it primarily infects patients with AIDS, cancer, and diabetes. All of these choices are correct - ANS 23. Cryptococcosis can include A. pulmonary infection. B. septicemia. C. meningitis. D. bone infection. E. All of these choices are correct. Candida albicans - ANS 24. Oral thrush is caused by A. Cryptococcus neoformans. B. Candida albicans. C. Malassezia furfur. D. Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci. Pneumocystis jirovecii - ANS 25. This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients. A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Candida albicans C. Malassezia furfur D. Pneumocystis jirovecii. There are no effective drugs to treat the infection - ANS 26. Aspergillosis includes all the following, except A. there are no effective drugs to treat the infection. B. noninvasive infections of the eyelids, sinuses, conjunctiva, and ear canals. C. a pneumonia that disseminates to the brain. D. most cases are due to A. fumigatus. E. life-threatening infections in AIDS, leukemia, and transplant patients. Pneumocystis pneumonia - ANS 27. Serious mycoses treated with amphotericin B include all the following, except A. zygomycosis. B. invasive aspergillosis. C. Pneumocystis pneumonia. D. coccidioidomycosis. E. histoplasmosis. Aspergillus - ANS 28. Decaying vegetation, such as piles of leaves and compost matter, allows growth and transmission of A. Cryptococcus. B. Aspergillus. C. Candida. D. Dermatophytes. E. Pneumocystis. Aspergillus flavus - ANS 29. This organism commonly contaminates grains, corn, and peanuts and produces a potent mycotoxin called aflatoxin? A. Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci B. Fusarium species C. Rhizopus species D. Geotrichum candidum E. Aspergillus flavus All of these choices are correct - ANS 30. Pneumocystis jirovecii A. has protozoan and fungal characteristics. B. lacks ergosterol in its plasma membrane. C. is an obligate parasite. D. causes serious infection in elderly, premature infants, and AIDS patients. E. All of these choices are correct. Chest - ANS 31. All of the following areas are subject to intertriginous infections, except A. between folds of the groin. B. under breasts. C. in the armpit. D. behind the knees. E. chest. Geotrichosis - ANS 32. Which of the following is a rare mycosis caused by a mold commonly found in soil, in dairy products, and on the human body? A. bark stripper's disease B. valley fever C. sporotrichosis D. geotrichosis E. pneumocystis pneumonia Thrush - ANS 33. All of the following are fungal allergies, except A. bark stripper's disease. B. farmer's lung. C. teapicker's lung. D. thrush. E. All of these choices are correct. It is also known as valley fever - ANS 34. Which of the following is incorrect about sporotrichosis? A. It is also known as valley fever. B. Humans and other mammals are susceptible. C. Heat packs applied to skin lesions can resolve some infections. D. A prick of a thorn is the classic mode of infection. E. The sporotrichin skin test can be used to determine prior infection. The respiratory tract - ANS 35. The primary portal of entry for fungal infections is A. the urinary tract. B. through skin. C. the respiratory tract. D. the nervous system. E. the digestive system. Griseofulvin - ANS 36. Which antifungal drug inhibits cell division of the fungus? A. ketoconazole (Nizoral) B. fluconazole C. terbinafine (Lamisil) D. amphotericin B E. griseofulvin All of these choices are correct - ANS 37. Which of the following are likely to predispose patients to fungal infections? A. cancer B. AIDS C. tuberculosis D. malnutrition E. All of these choices are correct. Gilchrist's disease - ANS 38. Alternative names for Blastomyces dermatitidis include A. Gilchrist's disease. B. valley fever. C. rose Gardener's disease. D. teapicker's lung. E. farmer's lung. Treatment is with pentamidine - ANS 39. Which is incorrect about chromoblastomycosis? A. It is characterized by highly visible verrucous lesions. B. Treatment is with pentamidine. C. Its etiological agent are soil saprobes with dark-pigmented mycelia and spores. D. Sclerotic cells are produced. E. It is frequently confused with yaws, cancer, and syphilis.