NUR 239 Exam 2 (Already Passed!)

Cardinal Sings of Local Inflammation correct answers - redness - heat - pain - swelling - loss of function vascular stage of acute inflammation correct answers Comprised of increase blood flow and increased vascular permeability - Microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules) - Process begins with: · Brief vasoconstriction of arterioles immediately following injury · Followed by vasodilation of arterioles, capillary beds · Increased permeability of microcirculation - Vasodilation = redness and heat - Increased capillary permeability - leaking of fluid (exudate) = swelling, pain, loss of function · Acts to dilute toxins/chemicals, enhances clot formation, recruits WBCs to area · Localizes spread of microbes · Aided by histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and other chemical mediators · Fibrin helps with clotting 3 patterns for vascular changes correct answers 1.) Immediate transient responce 2.) Immediate sustained response 3.) Delayed hemodynamic response immediate transient response correct answers -After minor injury -Short duration (15-30 minutes) -reversible -Venules immediate sustained response correct answers - after serious injury - continues for several days - affects all types of blood vessels delayed hemodynamic response correct answers venules and capillaries Cellular Stage of Acute Inflammation correct answers endothelial cell activation 1. Margination (accumulation of WBCs), adhesion of WBCs to endothelium 2. Transmigration of WBCs across endothelium 3. Chemotaxis (cell migration) 4. Activation and phagocytosis Serous exudate correct answers watery, plasma fluid, low in protein Hemorrhagic exudate correct answers severe bleeding or loss of blood plasma