nur 239 exam #2 (Questions with correct answers)

Penicillin G *** correct answers - First PCN given PO and IM - PO only about 1/3 of dose is absorbed - IM and IV are most effective (to get therapeutic serum level) (IM is painful) - primarily bactericidal Penicillin V *** correct answers - next type produced - 2/3 absorbed by GI tract, less patent than PCN G - It is effective against mild - moderate infections, including anthrax PCNS (structure) correct answers - beta-lactam antibiotics. - beta-lactam structure interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme that is necessary for cellular synthesis. - A natural antibacterial agent obtained from mold genus Penicillium. - can be both bacteriostatic and bactericidal depending on the drug and dosage. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) *** correct answers - broad spectrum PCN (aminopenicillins) - Used to treat both Gram +/- bacteria. - Not all that broad after all. - Are effective against some Gram - organisms but these drugs are not penicillinase-resistant. - They are readily inactivated by beta-lactamases, thus ineffective against S. aureus - Mode of action: inhibition of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal effect Dicloxacillin sodium (Dynapen) *** correct answers - Penicillinase-resistant penicillin - used to treat penicillinase-producing S. aureus - Not effective against Gram - organisms and is less effective than penicillin G against Gram + organisms - Mode of action: inhibition of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal effect three beta-lactamase inhibitors correct answers - clavulanic acid -sulbactam -tazobactam - Beta-lactamase inhibitors are not given alone but combined with a penicillinase-sensitive PCN -When a broad spectrum antibiotic is combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, the resulting antibiotic inhibits the bacterial beta-lactamases, making the antibiotic effective and extending its antimicrobial effect. Augmentin *** correct answers amioxicillin + clavulanic acid (clavulanate) - When a broad spectrum antibiotic is combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, the resulting antibiotic inhibits the bacterial beta-lactamases, making the antibiotic effective and extending its antimicrobial effect. - (amoxicillin = broad spectrum antibiotic) - (clavulanic acid = beta-lactamase inhibitor)