BIOL 3303 Final Exam Questions And Answers

BIOL 3303 Final Exam Questions And Answers Refute that "Evolution is Just a Theory" - ANS Scientific theories are backed by multiple lines of evidence. They provide overarching explanations for major aspects of the natural world. Other Theories include: Plate Tectonics, Gravity, and Germ Theory Overwhelmingly accepted by scientists Refute "Evolutionary Biologists understand everything about the history of life" - ANS Not everything is known, and biologists are continually discovering new aspects of life. So far, everything fits within the context of evolution Refute that "Evolution explains the origin of life" - ANS Evolution deals with how life has changed after it originated What Scientific Fields address the origin of life - ANS Prebiotic evolution, origin of life, and black smokers Refute "Evolutionary Biologists search for missing links" - ANS Biologists expect the fossil records to be incomplete, and finding direct ancestors is unlikely Available evidence strongly supports relationships between current and past species. These relationships shed light on how traits evolved. Refute "Evolution violated the second law of thermodynamics" - ANS The second law holds that disorder increases in a closed system. Earth is not a closed system because the sun provides a constant input of energy Refute that "Evolution is natural selection" - ANS Natural Selection is a mechanism of evolutionary change. Others include genetic drift and sexual selection Refute that "Evolution is entirely random" - ANS Evolution includes random and non-random components. Mutations are random and convergent evolution is non-random Convergent Evolution - ANS Phenotypes are predictable when environments are similar Refute that "Organisms evolve adaptations that they need" - ANS Evolution cannot identify needs. Mutations do not occur because they would be adaptive in an environment. If beneficial mutations happen to occur, they may increase in frequency through selection Refute that "Evolution is a march of progress" - ANS Evolution is not ladder-like. New species result from branching events Refute that "Evolutions always moves from simple to complex" - ANS Evolution can also move form complex to simple. Mitochondria evolved from free-living bacteria. Tapeworms have no digestive system. Refute that "Evolution results from individuals adaption to environment" - ANS Evolution only works on inherited traits. Acquired traits are not passed to offspring. Populations evolved; individuals do not. Evolution results from changes in allele frequencies. Refute that "Organisms are perfectly adapted to their environments" - ANS Natural selection can only work with available variation. Constraints are based on physics and development. Many traits involve trade-offs. In humans: Brain size, birth canal size, jaw size Refute that "evolution happens for the good of the species" - ANS Evolution selects traits that a