WGU C475 CARE OF OLDER ADULT FLASHCARDS FOR TERMINOLOGY COMPETENCIES WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

Baby Boomers Aging adults born from . They will reach retirement starting . This large segment of the population will require increased numbers of healthcare providers Ageism Negative attitude toward aging or older adults Alzheimer's Characterized by beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles Aphasia Is the most common language disorder in the elderly and occurs in up to a third of the patients in an acute phase following stroke. Aphasia is an inability to express or understand the meaning of words due to damage in the language areas. Damage is most frequently due to stroke in the left hemisphere, but can be due to brain tumor, trauma, infection, dementia, or surgery. In addition to spoken language, writing, reading, and the ability to gesture also may be impaired Changes of aging that could affect therapeutic communication Visual communication- position objects within their visual field. Hearing communication- Do not shout. Project voice from the diaphragm (deepens tone). Stand in front of them if they can lip read. Speak into the good ear. Limit background noise. Allow adequate time for a response. Use short sentences and speak clearly. Enunciate words. Write things out. Speech Communication-individuals with speech or language difficulties might be more anxious or self-aware. Limit distractions, make eye contact, position yourself in front of the person. Use facial or body language. Use written communication. Use short complete sentences. Summarize message for accuracy. Take your time. Satir's Basic principles for Communication invite, arrange environment, maximize communication, maximize understanding, and follow through AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communicatio refers to all forms of communication that enhance or supplement speech and writing, either, temporarily or permanently. AAC can both enhance (augmentative) and replace (alternative) conventional forms of expression for people who can't communicate through speech, writing, or gestures. difference between ADLs and IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living) Activities of daily living (ADLs): include activities of daily life such as bathing, dressing, transferring, walking, eating, and continence. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs): Activities related to independent living, they include meal preparation, money management, shopping, housework, and using a telephone. Nurses can use instruments to identify elderly individuals who benefit from an increased level of care or add support. What is the criterion for the pneumococcal vaccine? Pneumococcal vaccine is given once for clients who are 65 years of age or older. There is evidence to support one-time-only revaccination for clients 75 years or older who have not been vaccinated in 5 or more years. In most cases of elder abuse who is the perpetrator? Most cases of elder abuse are perpetrated by a family member, and reasons for the abuse include caregiver burnout and stress, financial worries, trans-generational violence and psychopathology in the abuser. Women and dependent elders tend to be the most vulnerable to abuse. There are three types of assessments: Physical, Cognitive and Functional. Physical assessment is assessing the patient's physical health. It included vital signs, assessing for pain, blood pressure problems, irregular heartbeat, abnormal breath sounds, etc. Functional assessment is assessing what the older adult can still for themselves. Bathing, eating, getting dress, brushing their teeth and more are functional abilities. Functional abilities can be altered due to physical impairment and illness. Dr. Katz and Dr. Barthel developed ADL/IADL indexes to measure the patient's functional abilities. Cognitive- thought processing, thinking and reasoning skills. SPICES An overall Assessment Tool of Older Adults. S is for Sleep Disorders. P is for Problems with Bathing or Feeding, I Incontinence, C is for Confusion, E is for Evidence of Falls, S is for Skin Breakdown CAM (Confusion Assessment Method Tool to quickly identify delirium Beers' Criteria Purpose is to identify drugs to avoid in older adults, to reduce ADRs and improve medication selection & use in older adults. START Criteria Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment. There are 34 START criteria, which are meds which are commonly underused in the elderly STOPP Criteria Screening Tool of Older People's potentially inappropriate Prescriptions. There are 80 STOPP criteria, which are meds which should be avoided or used cautiously in older patients Risk Factors for Falls Intrinsic risk factors- relate to the changes associated with aging and with disorders of physical functions needed to maintain balance. These functions include vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual function as well as cognition and musculoskeletal function. • Extrinsic risk factors- are related to environmental hazards and challenges such as poor lighting, stairs, clutter, and throw rugs. Extrinsic factors are implicated in up to 50 % of all falls in the elderly in community settings. Frailty •is the common geriatric syndrome that embodies an elevated risk of catastrophic decline in health and function among older adults. • Characteristics of Frailty include Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass), Osteoporosis, Muscle Weakness • To prevent Frailty maintain a healthy weight and diet, stay active, practice fall prevention, avoid tobacco, make connections—maintain relationships with others What are the factors that influence the quality of life of an older adult? Quality of Life is an individual's perception of his or her position in life in the context of the culture and value system where they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad-ranging concept, incorporating a person's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and relationships to salient features in the environment. care options for the older adult • Independent living • Family • Adult daycare at a facility: for respite or while a family caregiver works • Senior living complexes: Full range or limited services, depending on the community and level of assistance needed; can be progressive as needs increase. • Assisted living: Homelike setting with more physical and medical care available than in senior complexes. • Paid caregiver homes (licensed or unlicensed) such as group/foster home care • Extended care facilities: Skilled or intermediate care nursing home facilities for rehabilitation or ongoing care; can be paid by Medicare, Medicaid, or private pay, depending on financial resources. Pre-admission screening is usually required by the state regulatory agency. Alternatives techniques to restraints Consistency in staff & routines. Calm environment • Use of personal assistance devices such as hearing aids, visual aids, and mobility devices • Use of positioning devices such as body and seat cushions or padded furniture • Safer physical environment design, including removal of obstacles that impede movement, placement of objects and furniture in familiar places, lower beds, and adequate lighting • Regular attention to physical and personal needs, including toileting, thirst, hunger, socialization, and activities adapted to current ability and former interests Brown Bag assessment Patient brings in all medications they are taking including prescriptions, OTCs, supplements & herbals to the clinic or hospital visit. This is superior to self-reporting and clinician can check for compliance and also ask patient about their knowledge of the drugs. What are some of the preventive care services covered under Medicare? • Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening (male smokers) • Alcohol misuse screenings & counseling • Bone mass measurements (bone density) • Cardiovascular disease screenings • Cervical and vaginal cancer screening • Colorectal cancer screening • Depression screenings • Diabetes screenings • Obesity screenings • Prostate screenings • STI screenings and counseling • Shots: Flu, Hep B, Pneumococcal • Tobacco cessation General guidelines to dietary counseling Limit alcohol to one drink a day for women, two daily for men • Limit fat and cholesterol • Maintain a balanced caloric intake • Ensure adequate daily calcium, especially for women • Older adults should consume vitamin B12 in crystalline form, which can be derived from fortified cereals and supplements • Older adults who have minimal exposure to sunlight or who have dark skin need supplemental vitamin D. Daily vitamin D intake should be 400-600 IU and can be derived from fortified foods or supplements. • Include adequate whole grains, fruits, and vegetables • Drink adequate water