C475 - OA FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+

Role of Caregiving These individuals help with personal care, dressing, feeding, toileting, helping ambulate (ADLs); medical care (med management, BP, oxygen tanks); organize doctor's appts, manage finances, & deal with daily household tasks (IADLs); emotional support; very knowledgable about their condition & needs, and often become their advocate True or False: caregivers can be informal who are family or friends who have no formal training or caregivers can be hired from companies who are trained. True Effects of Caregiving - Higher costs & financial difficulties - May be unable to work full time or hold down a job altogether - Their employers don't have adequate policies in place to support them - Sacrifice their own health & well-being in order to care for their loved ones - Spend so much time caring for loved ones that their family & relationships can suffer What assessments are used when treating caregivers? Caregiver self-assessment questionnaire Most caregiver assessments screen for what? stress, burden, anxiety, and other psychological effects of caregiving Can you bill for the time spent treating your client's caregiver? Yes. What conditions must be met in order to bill for the treatment of the caregiver? Client must be directly involved in the caregiver training. This can include medication management, transfers, dressing, etc. therapist is training them on how to perform the activities What interventions are used for caregivers? - Energy conservation, psychosocial factors, prioritizing roles, time-management - Create documentation of instructions for home focused towards the caregiver's needs and abilities Define Hospice - encompasses a philosophy of care for individuals of any age with life-limiting illnesses for whom further curative measures are no longer desired or appropriate. - focuses on symptom control and meeting the emotional, social, spiritual, and functional needs of the client and family Define Palliative Care - an approach that improves the QoL of the patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering - initiated at any point in the course of the client's illness - Curative care interventions also may be used How do you assess hospice patients? - Often referred by an a doctor and we can advocate for our services - Client-centered approach to establish a relationship to facilitates dialogue & appropriate intervention priorities of occupational & functional areas - QoL assessment tools can also be appropriate What are some assessments used when treating hospice patients? - Individual Prioritized Problems Assessment (IPPA) - ADL Interview (ADL-I) - Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) - Assessment of Motor and Processing Skills (AMPS) - Time-use diary - Qualitative interviews What interventions are used for the treatment of hospice patients? - Fatigue management - Care of lymphedema in collaboration with physical therapy - Compensatory strategies (including home modifications & assistive technologies) - Education of patient, caregivers & health care professionals (transfer, relaxation techniques, ergonomics & lifestyle) - Training daily activities - Providing opportunity for enjoyment - Support both patient & families - trained in enhancing participation in meaningful activities, sensory stimulation, family & staff edu, positioning, & emotional & spiritual needs Define Restraints any method, drug or medication, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment, that immobilizes or reduces access to move any part of the body freely, particularly when used to restrict or manage a client's behavior or movement What are the two types of restraints? 1.) Chemical restraints such as sedatives, anticonvulsant medications, anti-anxiety medications for the purpose of restraint 2.) Physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that reduces the ability to use part of body freely What assessments are used when determining if restraints are appropriate? - Assess the person's strengths, needs, and other factors help identify safety, health, and behavioral concerns that increase the probability of the use of restraint or seclusion. How are restraints related to falls? Physical restraints are not effective in reducing falls or injuries for older adults in hospitals or nursing homes Do you need a physician's order to put a patient in restraints? Yes. How often must a physician's order be renewed for restraints? every 24 hours. What must be included for a physician's order to put a patient in restraints? clinical justification for restraint, ineffective alternatives attempted, specific time period (up to 24 hr) and type of restraints to be used CDC reports that ____________ of adults with cognitive impairment experience sexual violence, and ___________ Americans have a disability (CDC, 2019) 25-67% 1/5 __________ of people with disabilities reported past/present sexual dysfunction; of the 79% of health professional who found the topic important, only ______ felt comfortable addressing it as most identified lack of training and preparedness ( Haboubi & Lincoln, 2002) 72% 9% ____________ of partners affects by stroke report a reduction in frequency or complete cessation of intercourse( Hall, 2013) 73-85% _________ of TBI survivors report some sexual disruption post injury ( Moreno et. al., 2013) 50-60% How do relationship roles impact sexuality? - Changes in relationship roles led to an inability to perform according to previous expectations, causing a reduction in self-esteem and a fixation in a dependent sick role by the affected partner. - Dependence on non-affected partner for self care led to sexual passivity The Occupation of Sexuality - how a person identifies and expresses oneself as related to sex, orientation, intimacy, whether related to sex organs or not. - self perception, moral/values, think about societal trends/media/ etc True or False: Sexuality is a learned behavior in many aspects. True What are some obstacles to sexual function? - Pain - fatigue - psychosocial components - changes in body function - alterations in sensory/motor function - cognition - communication - medications What are some sexuality interventions? - PAMs (physical agent modalities) - Positioning - Adaptive equipment/Devices - Communication - Energy conservation/Activity Configuration - Referral to Certified Sex Therapist - Body Mapping - basics - Interdisciplinary Approach Who is involved in the interdisciplinary approach when providing sexuality interventions? Physician, Nurse, OT, PT, SLP, Nurse Aide, Psychologist, Case Manager When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the physician? providing medical management/clearance to resume sexual activity, oversight of medications (i.e prescribing ones to elicit sexual performance, decrease arousability, or monitor medications that might have side effects on sexual function), referring to specialists as needed When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Nurse? implementing bowel/bladder management, provide education on medication side effect, assist in medical management, Edema management ( scrotal slings) When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Psychologist? address psychosocial needs ( i.e body image, depression, anxiety, behavior management) When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Case Manager? provide available resources for community programs for psychology, certified sex therapist, etc. When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Nurse Aide? assisting nursing in bowel and bladder management, assisting of positioning of patients for skin integrity When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the Speech Therapist? doing what you do already! Working on swallowing, salvia management, oral motor control and communication When using an interdisciplinary approach for sexuality interventions, what is the role of the physical Therapist? addressing pelvic floor dysfunction, strength, endurance, balance, and advance mat mobility that can translate into positioning Define Low Vision vision loss that cannot be corrected by surgery, medications, glasses, or contacts What is the criteria for low vision? 20/70 or worse corrected acuity in best seeing eye What are some normal age-related changes in vision? -changes in support structures -decreased tear production - deficits with convergence - Loss of color sensitivity - Narrower field of vision - Difficulties with light and dark adaptation - Increased sensitivity to glare - Require increased light - Presbyopia What are some of the support structures in the eye that change as we age? Loss of subcutaneous fat Decreased tissue elasticity and tone Can make eyes appear sunken