NR 325 WEEK 4 MED-SURG STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023/2024

NR 325 WEEK 4 MED-SURG STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023/2024 Explain hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypothyroid state in which there are hyposecretions of T3 and T4. Characterised by a decrease in metabolism. Is hypothyroidism more common in men or women? - CORRECT ANSWER-Women What is one of the most common thyroid replacement medications given? - CORRECT ANSWERLevothyroxine (Synthroid) When is the recommended time for taking thyroid hormone therapy medication? - CORRECT ANSWER-In the morning before breakfast. It should be taken on an empty stomach. Patient's who are diabetic can be impacted by hypothyroidism in what way? - CORRECT ANSWER-Return to a euthyroid state frequently increases the demand for insulin. Therefore diabetics should check their sugars at least once a day (they should be checking it anyway.....) What are two medications that can have negative adverse interactions, or negative results of interaction when theyroid hormone therapy medication is prescribed? - CORRECT ANSWER--The effects of digoxin can be decreased when taken with thyroid medication. -The effects of anticoagulants can be increased. Graves disease is known to cause which form of thyroid disease; hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism Name some clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER--Cold intolerance -Weight gain (in later stages) -Receding hairline -Facial and eye puffiness (myxedema) -Can have generalised edema -Dull, blank expression -Prominent or thick tongue with slow speech -Bradycardia (in later stages) -Subnormal temp (in later stages) -Decreased LOC (lethargy) -Dry skin (coarse and scaly) -Thickened skin (in later stages) -Brittle hair and/or hair loss -Constipation -Muscle aches and weakness -Cardiac complications such as HF (in later stages) -Anorexia -Dry brittle nails -Menstrual disturbances What are some s/s of an overdose of Levothyroxine sodium? - CORRECT ANSWER--Tachycardia -Orthopnea -Dyspnea -Chest pain -Restlessness -Nervousness -Anxiety Explain what Myxedema coma, and what occurs during it - CORRECT ANSWER--It's the progression of the mental sluggishness associated with hypothyroidism that evolves into a severe decrease in LOC, eventually leading to a comatose state. -Characterised by a subnormal temperature, hypotension, hypoventilation. Cardiovascular collapse can subsequently result from the hypoventilation. -This is a medical emergency and vital functions can only be restored through the use of IV hormone replacement. What are some of the symptoms associated with a patient who is begining to enter a myxedema coma? (Hint: Everybody freeze, this is a myxedema coma!) - CORRECT ANSWER-Everything slows down (freezes)! -Bradycardia -Hypoventilation -Hypothermia -Hypotension -Hyponatremia -Hypoglycemia What are some things that can precipitate or trigger a myxedema coma? - CORRECT ANSWER--Opioid use -Acute illness -Barbiturate or other sedative use -Sudden cessation of thyroid meds -Anesthesia and surgery -Hypothermia What are some of the treatments for myxedema coma? - CORRECT AN