Current Topics: A clinical perspective on
today’s issues
Inhoudsopgave
Lecture 1: Gender...................................................................................................................................................2
Hyde, S. H. & Delamater, J. D. (2017). Understanding Human Sexuality [Thirteenth and International
Edition]. New York: McGraw-Hill (pp. 287-309)................................................................................................4
Lecture 2: gender.....................................................................................................................................................6
Eagly, A. H. & Wood, W. (2013). The nature-nurture debates: 25 Years of challenges in understanding the
psychology of gender. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 340–357..................................................6
Video Eagly & Wood........................................................................................................................................7
Hyde, J., Bigler, R., Joel, D., Tate, C., & van Anders, S. (2019). The future of sex and gender in psychology,
Five challenges to the gender binary. The American Psychologist......................................................................7
Cretella, M., Rosik, C., & Howsepian, A. (2019). Sex and gender are distinct variables critical to health:
Comment on Hyde, Bigler, Joel, Tate, and van Anders (2019). The American Psychologist, 74(7), 842–844. .8
Reilly, D. (2019). Gender can be a continuous variable, not just a categorical one: Comment on Hyde, Bigler,
Joel, Tate, and van Anders (2019). The American Psychologist, 74(7), 840–841...............................................9
Video Reilly......................................................................................................................................................9
Exam example questions.......................................................................................................................................9
Lecture 3: gender dysphoria................................................................................................................................10
Kuyper, L., & Wijsen, C. (2013). Gender identities and gender dysphoria in the Netherlands. Archives of
Sexual Behavior, 43(2), 377–385.......................................................................................................................10
Zucker, K., Cohen-Kettenis, P., Drescher, J., Meyer-Bahlburg, H., Pfäfflin, F., & Womack, W. (2013). Memo
outlining evidence for change for Gender Identity Disorder in the DSM-5. Archives of Sexual Behavior,
42(5), 901–914....................................................................................................................................................11
Davy, Z. (2015). The DSM-5 and the politics of diagnosing trans people. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5),
1165–1176..........................................................................................................................................................11
Life story of a transmale.....................................................................................................................................11
Lecture 4: sexual arousal and desire...................................................................................................................12
Laan, E. T. M., Klein, V., Werner, M. A., van Lunsen, H. W. & Janssen, E. (2021). In pursuit of pleasure: A
biopsychosocial perspective on sexual pleasure and gender. International Journal of Sexual Health..............12
Toates, F. (2014). How sexual desire works: The enigmatic urge. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press (pp. 29-37; 54-67; 164-177.......................................................................................................................12
Lecture 5: Sexual Arousal Problems...................................................................................................................15
Frederick Toates Chapter 9................................................................................................................................15
Hypersexuality....................................................................................................................................................16
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J.M., Bhullar, N. et al (2017). Hypersexuality: a critical review and introduction to
the “Sexhavior Cycle”. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 2231-2251............................................................16
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J. M., Bhullar, N. et al. (2017). Response to commentaries: Recognizing
hypersexuality as a psychosexual behavioral problem and advancing the sexhavior cycle of hypersexuality.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 2279–2287.................................................................................................17
Hypo sexual arousal – Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder.....................................................................17
1
, Hyde, S. H. & Delamater, J. D. (2017). Understanding Human Sexuality. New York: McGraw-Hill (pp.
409-410)..........................................................................................................................................................17
DSM-5, in men: male hyposexual disorder and erectile disorder...................................................................18
DSM-5, in women: sexual interest/arousal disorder.......................................................................................18
Parish, S. J., & Hahn, S. R. (2016). Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A review of epidemiology,
biopsychology, diagnosis, and treatment. Sexual Medicine Reviews............................................................19
Althof, S., Meston, C., Perelman, M., Handy, A., Kilimnik, C., & Stanton, A. (2017). Opinion paper: On
the diagnosis/classification of sexual arousal concerns in women. Journal of Sexual Medicine...................20
Graham, C., Boynton, P., & Gould, K. (2017). Women’s sexual desire: Challenging narratives of
“dysfunction.” European Psychologist...........................................................................................................20
Lecture 6: kwaliteitsstandaarden en richtlijnen.................................................................................................22
Richtlijnen...........................................................................................................................................................22
Kwaliteitsstandaarden........................................................................................................................................22
Herstel ondersteuning.........................................................................................................................................23
Lecture 1: Gender
Three important questions:
1. What do you think clinical psychology is today?
2. What do you think clinical psychology should be? E.g. should it be limited to
psychopathology/’abnormal’ psychology/mental disorders?
3. Which individual or societal issues should clinical psychology focus on?
The mission of the clinical psychology is to conduct fundamental research using methods and models from
basic psychology to investigate psychopathology, and to run trials to inform clinical practice.
The clinical psychology research programme comprises two research lines:
- Our fundamental research focuses on the neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of
emotional memory.
2
, - A second line of research focuses on treatment outcome research in a wide variety of psychiatric
disorders, including technological innovations in psychotherapy.
These two research lines are complemented by research from an individual difference perspective (applied).
Society of clinical psychology (APA). The field of clinical psychology involves research, teaching and
services relevant to the application of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding, predicting,
and alleviating intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social and behavioural maladjustment,
disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of clients’ populations. In theory, training, and practice,
clinical psychology strives to recognize the importance of diversity and strives to understand the roles of
gender, culture, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and other dimensions of diversity.
Gender – gender equality in your life.
Gender equality in your life, how is it? Good? Moderate? Poor? The EU scores 68 points out of 100 in the
Gender Equality Index.
Gender Binary e.g. David Buss and Judith Butler >> Zie YouTube
Gender roles and stereotypes:
- Gender binary: conceptualizing gender as having only two categories, male and female. Today we
know there are more possibilities.
- Gender role: a set of norms that define how people of one gender ought to behave. Heterosexuality
is an important part.
- Stereotype: a generalization about a group of people that distinguishes them from others. gender
stereotypes vary by ethic group in the United States.
Doing Gender in Sex and Sex Research Ine Vanwesebeeck (2009). The relationship between gender and
heterosexuality is so basic and comprehensive, that is has been proposed to use the phrase “heterogender”
as referring to “the asymmetrical stratification of the sexes in relation to the historically varying institutions
of patriarchal heterosexuality” (Ingraham, 1996, p. 169).
Since there is no such thing as a free lunch, it is in particular in the study of men women in heterosexuality
that the treatment of gender in sex research shows a number of difficulties.
Gender roles and stereotypes: ethnicity. Intersectionality: approach that simultaneously considers the
meaning and considers the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference and
disadvantage.
Framework makes clear that some groups experience multiple disadvantages, e.g. lesbian woman of color.
Some may be part of a disadvantaged group but also part of privileged group, e.g. middle-class blacks.
African Americans:
- Heritage of African culture.
- Experience in American of slavery and subsequent racial oppression.
- Mother-child bonds are extremely important.
- Stereotypes images of Black women’s and Black men’s sexuality abound.
o Traditional images and contemporary hip-hop culture
o Black men’s supposed hypersexuality.
- High unemployment.
5 difference in male versus female sexuality:
1. Masturbation.
2. Attitudes towards casual sex.
3. Porn use.
4. The orgasm gap.
a. Orgasmeconsistentie van lesbische en heteroseksuele vrouwen tijdens partnerseks. De rol
van clitorale stimulatie.
b. Het belang van het orgasme voor mannen en vrouwen.
5. Sex drive.
3
today’s issues
Inhoudsopgave
Lecture 1: Gender...................................................................................................................................................2
Hyde, S. H. & Delamater, J. D. (2017). Understanding Human Sexuality [Thirteenth and International
Edition]. New York: McGraw-Hill (pp. 287-309)................................................................................................4
Lecture 2: gender.....................................................................................................................................................6
Eagly, A. H. & Wood, W. (2013). The nature-nurture debates: 25 Years of challenges in understanding the
psychology of gender. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 340–357..................................................6
Video Eagly & Wood........................................................................................................................................7
Hyde, J., Bigler, R., Joel, D., Tate, C., & van Anders, S. (2019). The future of sex and gender in psychology,
Five challenges to the gender binary. The American Psychologist......................................................................7
Cretella, M., Rosik, C., & Howsepian, A. (2019). Sex and gender are distinct variables critical to health:
Comment on Hyde, Bigler, Joel, Tate, and van Anders (2019). The American Psychologist, 74(7), 842–844. .8
Reilly, D. (2019). Gender can be a continuous variable, not just a categorical one: Comment on Hyde, Bigler,
Joel, Tate, and van Anders (2019). The American Psychologist, 74(7), 840–841...............................................9
Video Reilly......................................................................................................................................................9
Exam example questions.......................................................................................................................................9
Lecture 3: gender dysphoria................................................................................................................................10
Kuyper, L., & Wijsen, C. (2013). Gender identities and gender dysphoria in the Netherlands. Archives of
Sexual Behavior, 43(2), 377–385.......................................................................................................................10
Zucker, K., Cohen-Kettenis, P., Drescher, J., Meyer-Bahlburg, H., Pfäfflin, F., & Womack, W. (2013). Memo
outlining evidence for change for Gender Identity Disorder in the DSM-5. Archives of Sexual Behavior,
42(5), 901–914....................................................................................................................................................11
Davy, Z. (2015). The DSM-5 and the politics of diagnosing trans people. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5),
1165–1176..........................................................................................................................................................11
Life story of a transmale.....................................................................................................................................11
Lecture 4: sexual arousal and desire...................................................................................................................12
Laan, E. T. M., Klein, V., Werner, M. A., van Lunsen, H. W. & Janssen, E. (2021). In pursuit of pleasure: A
biopsychosocial perspective on sexual pleasure and gender. International Journal of Sexual Health..............12
Toates, F. (2014). How sexual desire works: The enigmatic urge. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press (pp. 29-37; 54-67; 164-177.......................................................................................................................12
Lecture 5: Sexual Arousal Problems...................................................................................................................15
Frederick Toates Chapter 9................................................................................................................................15
Hypersexuality....................................................................................................................................................16
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J.M., Bhullar, N. et al (2017). Hypersexuality: a critical review and introduction to
the “Sexhavior Cycle”. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 2231-2251............................................................16
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J. M., Bhullar, N. et al. (2017). Response to commentaries: Recognizing
hypersexuality as a psychosexual behavioral problem and advancing the sexhavior cycle of hypersexuality.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 2279–2287.................................................................................................17
Hypo sexual arousal – Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder.....................................................................17
1
, Hyde, S. H. & Delamater, J. D. (2017). Understanding Human Sexuality. New York: McGraw-Hill (pp.
409-410)..........................................................................................................................................................17
DSM-5, in men: male hyposexual disorder and erectile disorder...................................................................18
DSM-5, in women: sexual interest/arousal disorder.......................................................................................18
Parish, S. J., & Hahn, S. R. (2016). Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A review of epidemiology,
biopsychology, diagnosis, and treatment. Sexual Medicine Reviews............................................................19
Althof, S., Meston, C., Perelman, M., Handy, A., Kilimnik, C., & Stanton, A. (2017). Opinion paper: On
the diagnosis/classification of sexual arousal concerns in women. Journal of Sexual Medicine...................20
Graham, C., Boynton, P., & Gould, K. (2017). Women’s sexual desire: Challenging narratives of
“dysfunction.” European Psychologist...........................................................................................................20
Lecture 6: kwaliteitsstandaarden en richtlijnen.................................................................................................22
Richtlijnen...........................................................................................................................................................22
Kwaliteitsstandaarden........................................................................................................................................22
Herstel ondersteuning.........................................................................................................................................23
Lecture 1: Gender
Three important questions:
1. What do you think clinical psychology is today?
2. What do you think clinical psychology should be? E.g. should it be limited to
psychopathology/’abnormal’ psychology/mental disorders?
3. Which individual or societal issues should clinical psychology focus on?
The mission of the clinical psychology is to conduct fundamental research using methods and models from
basic psychology to investigate psychopathology, and to run trials to inform clinical practice.
The clinical psychology research programme comprises two research lines:
- Our fundamental research focuses on the neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of
emotional memory.
2
, - A second line of research focuses on treatment outcome research in a wide variety of psychiatric
disorders, including technological innovations in psychotherapy.
These two research lines are complemented by research from an individual difference perspective (applied).
Society of clinical psychology (APA). The field of clinical psychology involves research, teaching and
services relevant to the application of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding, predicting,
and alleviating intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social and behavioural maladjustment,
disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of clients’ populations. In theory, training, and practice,
clinical psychology strives to recognize the importance of diversity and strives to understand the roles of
gender, culture, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and other dimensions of diversity.
Gender – gender equality in your life.
Gender equality in your life, how is it? Good? Moderate? Poor? The EU scores 68 points out of 100 in the
Gender Equality Index.
Gender Binary e.g. David Buss and Judith Butler >> Zie YouTube
Gender roles and stereotypes:
- Gender binary: conceptualizing gender as having only two categories, male and female. Today we
know there are more possibilities.
- Gender role: a set of norms that define how people of one gender ought to behave. Heterosexuality
is an important part.
- Stereotype: a generalization about a group of people that distinguishes them from others. gender
stereotypes vary by ethic group in the United States.
Doing Gender in Sex and Sex Research Ine Vanwesebeeck (2009). The relationship between gender and
heterosexuality is so basic and comprehensive, that is has been proposed to use the phrase “heterogender”
as referring to “the asymmetrical stratification of the sexes in relation to the historically varying institutions
of patriarchal heterosexuality” (Ingraham, 1996, p. 169).
Since there is no such thing as a free lunch, it is in particular in the study of men women in heterosexuality
that the treatment of gender in sex research shows a number of difficulties.
Gender roles and stereotypes: ethnicity. Intersectionality: approach that simultaneously considers the
meaning and considers the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference and
disadvantage.
Framework makes clear that some groups experience multiple disadvantages, e.g. lesbian woman of color.
Some may be part of a disadvantaged group but also part of privileged group, e.g. middle-class blacks.
African Americans:
- Heritage of African culture.
- Experience in American of slavery and subsequent racial oppression.
- Mother-child bonds are extremely important.
- Stereotypes images of Black women’s and Black men’s sexuality abound.
o Traditional images and contemporary hip-hop culture
o Black men’s supposed hypersexuality.
- High unemployment.
5 difference in male versus female sexuality:
1. Masturbation.
2. Attitudes towards casual sex.
3. Porn use.
4. The orgasm gap.
a. Orgasmeconsistentie van lesbische en heteroseksuele vrouwen tijdens partnerseks. De rol
van clitorale stimulatie.
b. Het belang van het orgasme voor mannen en vrouwen.
5. Sex drive.
3
