Airmen Leadership School ALS - Test 1 Questions & Answers Solved 100%

Culture - Answer_______ is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial, informational, technological, material, energy, warfare, and human. Macro-cultures - AnswerThe most powerful or the most widely practiced cultures in a particular society, whether the society is a region or an entire country. Micro-cultures - AnswerAlso called "subcultures." They are described as a group of people living within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are different from the macro-culture or the rest of society Holism - AnswerAll the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated. Therefore, things such as change in one area (women's rights, for example) will affect change in another area (family structure, distribution of income) Schema - AnswerA cognitive "shortcut" that helps us organize and interpret the vast amount of information that exists in our environment. Iceberg theory of culture - AnswerWhen we first enter a new culture, we see only those behaviors and symbols that are apparent or above the water. Things like a culture's style of dress, music, games, dance, food, toys, etc. are easily seen when entering a new culture. According to the iceberg theory. What is below the surface? - AnswerSome examples of behaviors, core beliefs, and values that are often "hidden" under the surface include: Ideals of governing, child raising, concept of justice, incentives to work, theory of disease, nature of friendship, patterns of group decision making, definitions of sin, courtship practices, and approaches to problem solving Worldview - AnswerThe sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and interpret the world, and their place within it Cross-Cultural Competence (3C) - AnswerThe "ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language. What two categories does the Air Force break Cross-Cultural Competence into? - AnswerGeneral and Specific Culture Culture General - AnswerThe ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language. Culture Specific - AnswerAn approach that emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of the knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with individuals of other cultural backgrounds." What is the purpose of culture-general learning in the Air Force? - AnswerTo develop Airmen who can operate effectively in culturally complex environments What are the three inter-related enabling factors involved with the 3C model? - AnswerKnowledge, motivation (positive attitude), and learning approaches. Culture-general knowledge - AnswerThe basis for all cross-cultural learning, including culture-specific, and begins with an understanding of basic concepts of a culture (kinship, gender roles, types of exchanges or communication norms, etc.). Ethnocentrism - AnswerThe human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures, behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs Relativism (as an attitude) - AnswerThe conviction that the beliefs and practices of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are found. Relativism (as a behavior) - AnswerTemporarily suspending one's own culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might interpret or value a situation. Three specific skills that emerge as key to successful cross-cultural interactions are: - Answer• Communicate to avoid misunderstandings; • Negotiate to overcome differences and resolve conflicts; and • Relate with individuals from other cultures to work effectively Cultural Perspective Taking - AnswerA cognitive process by which an individual is able to identify the thoughts and/or feelings of another culture. Leaders at every level can develop cultural perspective taking by recognizing - Answer- Needs and values of individuals/groups from another culture - Local norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors - How people from another culture will respond to one's own actions/comments - The importance of norms for interaction - How violating cultural norms can negatively impact interactions - The impact of positive cross-cultural relations Two concepts help to maintain motivation - AnswerRelativism - (As an attitude) Relativism - (As a behavior) Stereotypes - AnswerA fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that share a particular diversity. Prejudice - AnswerThe creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply held beliefs. Discrimination - AnswerThe visible act or consideration to act in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit. The OODA Loop - AnswerObserve, Orient, Decide, Act Observe - AnswerThe Observation step involves focused attention on your environment and gathering information through all five senses. Orient - AnswerMake sense of what we are observing by categorizing (organizing) the data in a practical way that is useful to us. Decide - AnswerConsider all the courses of action developed and choose one to move forward with based on our options and understanding of the situation Act - AnswerReview what you have decided to do, take action, and then reflect on how you executed your decision. Cross-Cultural Communication - AnswerThe knowledge, motivation, and skills to interact effectively and appropriately with members of different cultures Linguistic Competence - AnswerA speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language. Communication Competence - AnswerUnderstanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture What is the most important factor for a person to be effective in a foreign culture? - AnswerCommunication skills Impression Management - AnswerDeliberate and motivated self-presentation What are the two parts to Impression Management? - AnswerProjection and Attribution Projection - AnswerThe image we want others to have of us Attribution - AnswerHow others actually view us. It involves the sub-skills of emotion regulation, self-monitoring, and perceptual acuity Emotion regulation - AnswerThe ability to manage, modify, and use our emotions toward constructive outcomes. Nonverbal communication scholars describe it as the most important predictor of cross-cultural adjustment and adaptation. Self-monitoring - AnswerThe ability to detect appropriateness of our social behaviors and self-presentation in response to situational constraints and to adjust our behaviors to fit the situation. Perceptual acuity - AnswerThe ability to perceive a communication situation accurately. It involves attentiveness to both verbal and nonverbal elements of a conversation and takes into consideration the importance of context communication style - AnswerThe way in which we communicate, a pattern of verbal and nonverbal behaviors that comprises our preferred ways of giving and receiving information in a specific situation. If the message content is the what, and the communicators are the who, then communication style is the how High context - AnswerType of communication focused more on status, context of social role/positions and nonverbal communications Low context communication - AnswerType of communication with more direct and explicit expressions of verbal messages. (English/German) The Joint Chiefs of Staff - AnswerOrganization that consists of a Chairman, Vice Chairman, and service chiefs from Army, Naval Operations, Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the National Guard Bureau. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) - AnswerThe principal military advisor to the President, the NSC, and the SecDef. What are the two distinct branches of the chains of command? - AnswerOperational Branch and Administrative Branch Administrative Branch - Answerused to recruit, organize, train, and equip forces. It also begins with the President, through the SecDef, but proceeds to the Secretaries of the military Operational Branch - AnswerUsed to employ forces Combatant command (COCOM) - AnswerCommand with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more military departments Joint Force Commander (JFC) - AnswerWho is authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Service Component Commanders - AnswerWho has the responsibilities that derive from their roles in fulfilling the Services' support function. Combat Support Agencies - AnswerDefense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) National Security Agency (NSA) How many Combatant Commands exist? - AnswerThere are currently nine combatant commands—six are geographically organized and three are functionally organized Who has executive authority over the Combat Support Agencies? - AnswerSecDef Geographic Combatant Commands Responsibilities - AnswerDeter attacks against the United States, its territories, possessions and bases, and employ appropriate force should deterrence fail; and carry out assigned missions and tasks and plan for and execute military operations, as directed, in support of strategic guidance. US Africa Command (USAFRICOM) (Geographic) - AnswerResponsible for US military relations with 53 African countries, including the islands of Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, and Sao Tome and Principe, along with the Indian Ocean islands of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles. US Central Command (USCENTCOM) (Geographic) - AnswerAOR is the Middle East, Egypt, and Central Asia US European Command (USEUCOM) (Geographic) - AnswerAOR covers almost one-fifth of the planet, including all of Europe, large portions of Asia, parts of the Middle East and the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. The command is responsible for US military relations with NATO and 51 countries on two continents with a total population of close to a billion people US Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) (Geographic) - AnswerAOR includes air, land, and sea approaches and encompasses the continental United States, Alaska, Canada, Mexico and surrounding water out to approximately 500 nautical miles. US Pacific Command (USPACOM) (Geographic) - AnswerAOR encompasses about half of the earth's surface, stretching from the waters off the west coast of the US to the western border of India and from Antarctica to the North Pole. US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) (Geographic) - AnswerResponsible for providing contingency planning, operations, and security cooperation for Central and South America, the Caribbean (except US commonwealths, territories, and possessions), and Cuba, as well as for the force protection of US military resources at these locations Functional Combatant Commands - AnswerUS Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)29, US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) - AnswerUnified Combatant Command charged with overseeing the various Special Operations Commands of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps of the United States Armed Forces US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) - AnswerTasked with the coordination of people and transportation assets to allow the US to project and sustain forces, whenever, wherever, and for as long as they are needed.