ELL final exam Q&A 2023

necessary for ELLs to be able to speak in a comprehensible manner - Answer- An ELL must have adequate pronunciation, a smooth rate and flow of speech, and sufficient vocabulary and grammar, as well as working understanding of the sociocultural context of the speech event challenges for ELLs in listening and speaking contexts - Answer- English speakers do not pronounce individual words separately and distinctly with space in between them as for written words. English speakers do not always speak in complete sentences. oral language is invisible. why teachers should be aware of the "silent period" - Answer- most second language learners go through a silent period before they begin to speak. Learners are developing their receptive listening skills as they acquire bits and pieces of the language and process the input for meaning. Teachers are able to lower students' affective filters by creating supportive classrooms and the more opportunities teachers scaffold and provide for oral language development, the shorter the silent period will likely be. the importance of "wait time" for ELLs - Answer- giving the students time for this process after asking them a question or requiring them to respond to the teacher. If a teacher asks them a question, they may need first to mentally translate the question, figure out the answer, and then translate that answer before they can respond to the teacher. when to correct students' speech errors - Answer- to keep the affective filter low, students' error should be corrected in a manner that avoids embarrassment, particularly in front of their peers, correct errors of form when students are ready to learn the correct form, correct errors when they impede comprehension effective ways to correct students with speech errors - Answer- provide implicit corrections through recasts by responding naturally but in a manner that models the correct form, provide explicit corrections in a manner that does not embarrass or ridicule the student, provide corrections with gentle reminders of past instruction examples of listening development strategies - Answer- students can demonstrate their comprehension by responding with their bodies within the context of a variety of academic lessons or tasks, students do a thumbs up or thumbs down to respond to a true-false question related to a unit of study, students point to an illustration or word in a book that is being read aloud examples of speaking development strategies - Answer- oral retellings, songs and chants, oral presentations, minimal pairs, cooperative learning, Think-pair-share, role play, barrier games