Est For With Correct Solutions Python Programming: Chapters 1-4

TEST FOR WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS PYTHON PROGRAMMING: CHAPTERS 1-4 computer - CORRECT ANWERS-a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program software - CORRECT ANWERS-computer programs hardware - CORRECT ANWERS-the physical components of a computing system programming - CORRECT ANWERS-the process of creating a computer program to solve some problem algorithm - CORRECT ANWERS-a detailed sequence of steps for carrying out some process; a recipe intractable - CORRECT ANWERS-too difficult to be solved in practice, usually because it would take too long central processing unit (CPU) - CORRECT ANWERS-the "brain" of the computer where numeric and logical operations are carried out main memory (RAM) - CORRECT ANWERS-the place where all data and program instructions that the CPU is currently working reside. fetch-execute cycle - CORRECT ANWERS-the process a computer carries out to execute a machine code program (fetch one line, execute, fetch second line, execute, etc.) programming languages - CORRECT ANWERS-notation for writing computer programs; usually high-level languages like Python syntax - CORRECT ANWERS-the form of a language semantics - CORRECT ANWERS-the meaning of a construct coding - CORRECT ANWERS-process of turning an algorithm into a computer program machine language - CORRECT ANWERS-the low-level (binary) instructions that a given CPU can execute binary - CORRECT ANWERS-base two numbering system in which the only digits are 0 and 1 compiler - CORRECT ANWERS-complex program that translates a program written in a high-level language into the machine language that can be executed by a particular computer; translates all at once interpreter - CORRECT ANWERS-computer program that simulates the behavior of a computer that understands a high-level language; executes the lines of source one by one and carries out the operations (Python is an interpreted language) source code - CORRECT ANWERS-the text of a program in a high-level language machine code - CORRECT ANWERS-a program in machine language portability - CORRECT ANWERS-the ability to run a program unmodified on various different systems prompt - CORRECT ANWERS-a printed message that signals to the user of a program that input is expected statement - CORRECT ANWERS-a single command in a programming language function - CORRECT ANWERS-a subprogram within a program; take parameters as input and return values; ex: int(x) or def sing(animal, sound): invoke - CORRECT ANWERS-making the use of a function; ex: sing("cat","meow") parameters - CORRECT ANWERS-special variables in a function that are initialized at the time of call with information passed from the caller; ex: range(start, stop, step) module - CORRECT ANWERS-any relatively independent part of a program, also a file containing code that can be imported and executed script - CORRECT ANWERS-another name for a program, usually a simple one in an interpreted language programming environment - CORRECT ANWERS-special computer program that provides facilities to make programming easier; ex: Wingware import statement - CORRECT ANWERS-makes an external library module available for use within a program; ex: import module_name - to use say module_name.function(x) execute - CORRECT ANWERS-to run a program or segment of a program byte code - CORRECT ANWERS-intermediate form of computer language, high-level languages are sometimes compiled into this, which is then interpreted; ex: Python files with .pyc extension comment - CORRECT ANWERS-text placed in a program for the benefit of human readers; ignored by the computer; delineated by # or """ [text] """ variable - CORRECT ANWERS-an identifier that labels/stores a value for future reference; can be changed through assignment; ex: term1 = 1 loop - CORRECT ANWERS-a control construct for executing portions of a program multiple times body - CORRECT ANWERS-generic term for a block of statements inside of a control structure such as a loop or decision assignment statement - CORRECT ANWERS-the process of giving a value to a variable; ex: variable = expr butterfly effect - CORRECT ANWERS-classic example of a chaotic system in nature elements of a computer system - CORRECT ANWERS-central processing unit (CPU), main memory (RAM), secondary memory (hard drive), and input and output devices chaotic - CORRECT ANWERS-mathematical model where small changes in input lead to large changes in the results; many models of real-world phenomena exhibit this program - CORRECT ANWERS-a detailed set of instructions for a computer to carry out; composed of statements that are built from identifiers and expressions software development process - CORRECT ANWERS-analyze the problem (studying the problem to be solved), determine specifications (what the program will do), create a design (algorithm in pseudocode), implement the design (translate design to programming language), test/debug the program (finding and fixing errors), maintain the program (keeping up to date) input, process, output (IPO) - CORRECT ANWERS-a common programming pattern; prompts for input, processes it, outputs a response identifiers - CORRECT ANWERS-names that are given to program entities; begin with an underscore or letter which can be followed by a combination of letter, digit, or underscore characters; case-sensitive reserved words - CORRECT ANWERS-identifiers that are part of the built-in syntax of a language; ex: and, def, for, print expressions - CORRECT ANWERS-part of a program that produces data literal - CORRECT ANWERS-a representation of a specific value; ex: 3 represents three (int literal), "Hello" (string liter