IFPC Topic 4: Why does intelligence require oversight? Questions with Answers

What is Intelligence Oversight (IO)? - •A set of rules governing the conduct of intelligence professionals •Command, Control and supervision of intelligence activities •A system established to protect privacy and civil liberties •A means of accountability and ethics for the Intelligence Community (IC) How did Intelligence Oversight come to be? - As a result of activities taken by the DOD Intelligence Community (IC)with a focus of collection on Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War activists during the 60's and 70's. Local authorities lacked the ability to maintain order during protests by these activist groups and were supplemented by military auxiliaries Military involvement resulted in deployed units requesting pre-deployment intelligence to carry out their missions to combat group protests. Designated as the Executive Agency to Provide Support to Civil Authorities - U.S. Army The Army reached out to this Agency for support but found they could not provide the intelligence data required. Resulting in the Army beginning their own collection effort - FBI The Intelligence Communities (IC) improper actions came to the attention of the press and these committees were formed to investigate the surveillance practices of the CIA, FBI, and NSA - Senate (Church Committee) House (Pike Committee) Examples of oversteps made by the CIA, FBI, and NSA - Creating watchlists for US Politicians Opening Personal US Mail Carrying out Covert Assassinations of Foreign Leaders When and who issued Executive Order 11905 - President Gerald Ford on 18 February 1976 Four changes to the Intelligence Community created by Executive Order 11905 - •Created the National Security Committee, chaired by the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) •Established the Operations Advisory Group •Created a part-time Intelligence Oversight Board to report illegal activity to the President and Attorney General •Created the first ban on political assassination When and who issued Executive Order 12036 - President Jimmy Carter on 24 January 1978 What are the impacts did Executive Order 12036 have on the Intelligence Community? - •Created the Policy Review Committee (PRC), defining the priorities for intelligence collection and analysis •Imposed restrictions on the IC pertaining to the collection on U.S. Persons without consent of the President and Attorney General •Created the National Foreign Intelligence Board (NFIB) When and who issued Executive Order 12333 - President Ronald Reagan on 4 December 1981 What impacts did Executive Order 12333 have on the Intelligence Community - •Defines collection parameters and names the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) the sole agency for dealing with U.S. Persons