FBA Midterm Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

FBA Midterm Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Be able to describe how you would set up a functional analysis that includes the following conditions: 1. A design to promote the lowest level of problem behavior. Alone 2. A design to test if a behavior is maintained by a negative reinforcer. Escape 3. A design to test if a behavior is maintained by a positive reinforcer. Attention 4. A design to test if a behavior is maintained by an automatic reinforcer. Play/Control Play/Control (Automatic Reinforcement) Antecedent Condition (MO) -preferred activities continually available, social attention provided, and no demands placed on a person. Consequences for problem behavior - it is ignored or neutrally redirected. example: child put in room, given materials that are desirable and allowed to interact, no demand possible non-contingent attention. Contingent Attentions (Testing Social Positive Reinforcement) Antecedent Condition (MO) - attention diverted or withheld from person. Consequences for Problem Behavior - attention in the form of mild reprimands or soothing statement "Don't do that. You'll hurt someone." Example: given a task to do, attention to child only if child misbehaves. Contingent Escape (Testing for Negative Reinforcement) Antecedent Condition (MO) -task demands using a three step procedure (prompting) example: fold towel, model folding towel, hand-over-hand folding towel. Consequences for Problem Behavior - break fro task provided by removing task materials and stopping prompts to continue. example: give task, misbehavior - remove task temporarily. Alone (Automatic Reinforcement) Antecedent Conditions (MO) - low level of environmental stimulation Consequences of Problem Behavior - problem behavior is ignored or neutrally redirected. Example: in sparse environment, no materials, litter interaction, testing for automatic reinforcement. Matching Law The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative. *The relative rates of two behaviors possible at the same time is primarily dependent on the relative rates of reinforcement. Pertains to schedules of reinforcement that are: -running FACTS Identifies problems; typical setting/times. - structured behavioral interviews - generates a behavioral hypotheses statement. - identifies an operational definition of a problem behavior - environmental events that evoke it (Sd and EO) maintain it (consequences) and momentarily change the value of consequences (setting events). FAO Functional Assessment Observation - recording is event driven, occurring whenever a problem behavior or a behavioral episode or incident involving problem behaviors. Parts of an FAO Section A: Name/Student Information Section B; Time Intervals Section C: List Behaviors Section D: List events or stimuli that could be possible predictors of behavior. Section E: Perceived function (best guess) Section F: Consequences Section G: Comments Section H: Event and Data Recording Four Categories of Function Based Classification 1.0 Direct Access: Behaviors maintained at high levels because they provide direct access to reinforcers (positive reinforcement). 1.1 DA immediate sensory stimuli (specific type and location of stimulation) 1.2 DA direct chain to tangible reinforcers (specify tangibles or class of tangible accessed) 2.0 Socially Mediated Access: To get an object must be mediated by someone else opposed to directly maintained by behavior or target person. (positive reinforcement). 2.1 SMA adult/staff attention (specify which adults/staff) 2.2 SMA peer attentions (specify which peer) 2.3 SMA tangible reinforces (specify tangible or class of tangible accessed) 3.0 Direct Escape: Remove or avoid aversies directly(negative reinforcement). 3.1 DE Unpleasant social situations (specify situations) 3.2 relatively lengthy tasks/chores (specify length of task) 3.3 DE relatively difficult tasks/chores (specify tasks or component of task that is difficult) 4.0 Socially Mediated Escape: Remove or avoid aversive events/conditions through mediation of another person's behaviors (ex. someone taking task away) (negative reinforcement). 4.1 SME unpleasant social situations (specify situations) 4.2 SME relatively lengthy tasks/chores (specify length of task). 4.3 SME relatively difficult tasks/chores (specify task or component of task that is difficult) 4.4 SME avrsive physical stimuli/event (specify aversive physical stimulus) Preference Assessment Gives you hierarchical order of the things individual likes/preferences -free operant -trial based: single stimuli, paired stimuli, multiple stimuli with or without replacement Reinforcer Assessment Refers to a variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effects as reinforcers. Simple FBA A structured behavioral interview is given, records are examined, and a functional hypotheses is constructed. Full Classical FA Involves manipulating consequences in different conditions in very structured ways repeatedly across time (in analogue setting or in-vivo - actual setting where problem behavior occurs). Considered the "Gold Standard" Brief FA Same number of conditions of standard but fewer sessions per condition. Evaluates the information obtained from direct an indirect FBAs. Uses confirmatory analysis and contingency reversal to confirm results. Trial Based FA A type of analysis where a condition is terminated after the first occurrence of problem behavior, and uses pair/triads of MO present, MO absent conditions. Paired Choice Assessment A type of analysis where target/inappropriate behaviors are not directly targeted and time spent in competing conditions is the main focus of analysis. Does lead to hypotheses about function of problem behavior. Structured Analysis A type of analysis that may be used as a "stand alone" analysis or part of a FA, where antecedent conditions are manipulated, not consequences. Involves arranging and manipulating antecedent conditions only and observing/comparing rates of problem behavior. Trigger Analysis A problem situation is identified and potential MO considered; then the situation with MO present is established, and the sequence of actions in the problem situation are examined/observed to determine likely antecedent to problem behaviors. Identify triggers then create situations to analyze them. Conducted in natural environment. Scatterplots A procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at particular times than others. Cons of Full FA 1. Time 2. Resources (Experienced Trained Staff) 3. Reinforcing of Target Behaviors 4. Generalization Issues 5. Potentially dangerous behaviors 6. Limited Control over Environment Benefits of a Brief FA 1. Fewer replications 2. fewer conditions 3. length of session is shorter Calculating Behavior Rates Number of Behaviors/Amount of time rate/time