AP bio Unit 6 exam final 2023/2024 with 100% correct answers

Plasmids carrying new genetic traits can be transferred into bacteria by several methods such as heat shock. The bacteria that are transformed and contain recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process? - correct answer Exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that inhibits cells lacking the resistant plasmid. Cells with the plasmid will be antibiotic resistant and will grow on agar laced with the antibiotic. Operons were one of the first examples of how gene expression is controlled. A mutation in this section of the operon DNA could influence the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA. - correct answer promoter - a mutation here would prevent RNA polymerase from finding the start of the transcription area. RNA polymerase in a prokaryote is composed of several subunits. Most of these subunits are the same for the transcription of any gene, but one transcription factor known as sigma, varies considerably and several different types of the sigma molecule are known. Which of the following is the most probable adaptive advantage for an organism that has multiple types of sigma transcription factor? - correct answer It might allow the RNA polymerase to recognize different promoters under different environmental conditions giving more "control" of the transcription process. Restriction endonucleases are harvested from a variety of bacteria cell species and clones. How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from these restriction enzymes? - correct answer Adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines so that the DNA restriction site will no longer fit into the enzyme's active site. One of the key features of the structure of the DNA molecule revealed by Franklin's X-ray picture as studied by Watson and Crick was that the DNA molecule had a uniform diameter between the two backbones. What is the best explanation for why the DNA double helix has a uniform diameter? - correct answer Double ringed purines paired with single ringed pyrimidines. Using the above table of RNA codons, what amino acid sequence will be generated from the following mRNA codon sequence? - correct answer met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu You are given an experimental problem involving control of a gene's expression in the embryo of a particular species. One of your first questions is whether the gene's expression is controlled at the level of transcri