NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 4
LATEST VERSIONS EACH VERSION WITH 100 QS AND ANS
400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS / NURS
6501 MIDTERM EXAM WALDEN UNIVERSITY| AGRADE
What is hyperplasia? - - ANS✔️--increase in number of cells caused by
increased rate of cellular division
What happens with hypertrophy? - - ANS✔️--The amounts of protein in
the plasma membrane, ER, microfilaments, and mitochondria increase
What is metaplasia? - - ANS✔️--a change in stress on an organ that
leads to a change in cell type
Most commonly involves a change of one type of surface epithelium to
another
*metaplastic cells are better able to handle the new stress
,metaplasia occurs via reprogramming of stem cells which then
produce the new cell type
What are free radicals? - - ANS✔️--unstable oxygen-containing
molecules that can damage the cells of the body and possibly
contribute to the increased risk of chronic diseases
What is dysplasia? - - ANS✔️--an abnormal change in the size, shape,
and organization of mature tissue cells. It is considered atypical rather
than a true adaptational change.
What can cause cell injury? - - ANS✔️--lack of oxygen (hypoxia), free
radicals, caustic or toxic chemicals, infectious agents, inflammatory
and immune responses, genetic factors, insufficient nutrients, or
physical and mechanical trauma from many causes
What are the four biochemical themes associated with cell injury? - -
ANS✔️--(1) ATP depletion, resulting in mitochondrial damage; (2)
accumulation of oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals, causing
, membrane damage; (3) protein folding defects; and (4) increased
intracellular calcium concentration and loss of calcium steady state.
What is the sequence of events in cell death? - - ANS✔️--decreased ATP
production, failure of active transport mechanisms (the sodium-
potassium pump), cellular swelling, detachment of ribosomes from the
ER, cessation of protein synthesis, mitochondrial swelling as a result
of calcium accumulation, vacuolation, leakage of digestive enzymes
from lysosomes, autodigestion of intracellular structures, lysis of the
plasma membrane, and death.
What happens first in a hypoxic injury? - - ANS✔️--the cessation of blood
flow into vessels that supply the cell with oxygen and nutrients
(ischemia)
What is oncosis? - - ANS✔️--accumulation of water causing cellular
death
LATEST VERSIONS EACH VERSION WITH 100 QS AND ANS
400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS / NURS
6501 MIDTERM EXAM WALDEN UNIVERSITY| AGRADE
What is hyperplasia? - - ANS✔️--increase in number of cells caused by
increased rate of cellular division
What happens with hypertrophy? - - ANS✔️--The amounts of protein in
the plasma membrane, ER, microfilaments, and mitochondria increase
What is metaplasia? - - ANS✔️--a change in stress on an organ that
leads to a change in cell type
Most commonly involves a change of one type of surface epithelium to
another
*metaplastic cells are better able to handle the new stress
,metaplasia occurs via reprogramming of stem cells which then
produce the new cell type
What are free radicals? - - ANS✔️--unstable oxygen-containing
molecules that can damage the cells of the body and possibly
contribute to the increased risk of chronic diseases
What is dysplasia? - - ANS✔️--an abnormal change in the size, shape,
and organization of mature tissue cells. It is considered atypical rather
than a true adaptational change.
What can cause cell injury? - - ANS✔️--lack of oxygen (hypoxia), free
radicals, caustic or toxic chemicals, infectious agents, inflammatory
and immune responses, genetic factors, insufficient nutrients, or
physical and mechanical trauma from many causes
What are the four biochemical themes associated with cell injury? - -
ANS✔️--(1) ATP depletion, resulting in mitochondrial damage; (2)
accumulation of oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals, causing
, membrane damage; (3) protein folding defects; and (4) increased
intracellular calcium concentration and loss of calcium steady state.
What is the sequence of events in cell death? - - ANS✔️--decreased ATP
production, failure of active transport mechanisms (the sodium-
potassium pump), cellular swelling, detachment of ribosomes from the
ER, cessation of protein synthesis, mitochondrial swelling as a result
of calcium accumulation, vacuolation, leakage of digestive enzymes
from lysosomes, autodigestion of intracellular structures, lysis of the
plasma membrane, and death.
What happens first in a hypoxic injury? - - ANS✔️--the cessation of blood
flow into vessels that supply the cell with oxygen and nutrients
(ischemia)
What is oncosis? - - ANS✔️--accumulation of water causing cellular
death
