ATI Pharmacology CH. 1 Top Score Strategies.

Absorption with Inhalation via mouth, nose. Rapid absorption through alveolar capillary networks Intradermal, topical absorption Slow, gradual absorption. Effects primarily, but systemic as well, especially with lipid-soluble medications passing through subcutaneous fatty tissue. Subcutaneous, Intramuscular absorption Solubility of the medication in water: -Highly soluble medications have rapid absorption (10 to 30 min) -Poorly soluble medications have slow absorption. Blood perfusion at the site of injection: -Sites with high blood perfusion have rapid absorption -Sites with low blood perfusion have slow absorption. Intravenous absorption Immediate: enters directly into the blood Complete: Reaches the blood in its entirety What are barriers to intravenous absorption? There are no barriers. What are the barriers to subcutaneous and intramuscular absorption? Capillary walls have large spaces between the cells. Therefore, there is no significant barrier. What are barriers to intradermal, and topical absorption? Close proximity of epidermal cells. What are barriers to inhalation? Inspiratory effect What are the factors influencing distribution? Circulation, permeability of the cell membrane, plasma protein binding, Where does excretion take place? The kidneys. Elimination also takes place through the liver, lungs, intestines, and exocrine glands (such as breastmilk) Kidney dysfunction can lead to what? What is important to monitor? It can lead to an increase in the duration and intensity of a medications response, so it is important to monitor BUM and creatinine levels.