NURS 6501 Advance Pathophysiology Quiz 1-4

When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion. a. vas deferenes b. prostatic c. cavernous d. membranous - prostatic While planning for care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the renin-angiotensin system will be activated by: a. decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles b. renal hypertension c. elevated sodium concentrations d. increased blood volume - decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles When the nurse is discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what other term should the nurse use? a. pyramid b. nephron c. collecting duct d. calyx - nephron A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor? a. increased uric acid secretion b. hypokalemia c. hypermagnesemia d. hyponatremia - hypokalemia When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use? a. loop of Henleb. Mesangial cells c. podocytes d. macula densa - macula densa A 28-year-old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient's infection is located in the: a. renal tubules b. glomerulus c. bladder d. renal pelvis - renal pelvis A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by: a. inadequate renal blood flow b. obstruction of the proximal tubule c. kidney stones d. immune complex deposition in the glomerulus - inadequate renal blood flow A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis? a. metabolic alkalosis b. elevated plasma creatine level c. decreased plasma potassium level d. increased urea clearance - elevated plasma creatine level A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by: a. inadequate iron absorption in the gut b. red blood cells being lost in the urine c. inadequate production of erythroprotein d. red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus - inadequate production of erythroproteinA 42-year-old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting: a. fats b. complex carbohydrates c. sugars d. proteins - proteins When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of: a. calcium b. magnesium c. struvite d. phosphate - calcium A 25-year-old female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract? a. chlamydia b. escherichia coli c. streptococcus d. candida albicans - escherichia coli Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as: a. hypospadias b. epispadias c. cryptorchidism d. hydroureter - hypospadias Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinical suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis? a. gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertensionb. dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness c. proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites d. pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain - gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension